57 research outputs found
Brain serotonin depletion enhances the sodium appetite induced by sodium depletion or beta-adrenergic stimulation
Mapping and signaling of neural pathways involved in the regulation of hydromineral homeostasis
Szacowanie strat gleby z zastosowaniem GIS i metodologii RUSLE – przykład zlewni Bou Namoussa w północno-wschodniej Algierii
This study aims to estimating annual soil erosion rate and its spatial distribution in the Bou Namoussa watershed
located in the North-East of Algeria by applying the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) within
a Geographical Information System environment (GIS). The application of the RUSLE model in different natural
environments and on every scale takes into account five key factors namely: the rainfall erosivity, the soil erodibility,
the steepness and length of slopes, the vegetation cover and the conservation support practices. Each of
these factors was generated in GIS as a raster layer, their combination, resulted in the development of a soil loss
map indicating an average erosion rate of 7.8 t·ha–1·y–1. The obtained soil loss map was classified into four erosion
severity classes; low, moderate, high and very high severity representing respectively 40, 30.48, 22.59 and
6.89% of the total surface. The areas, showing moderate, high and very high erosion rates which represent more
than half of the basin area were found generally located in regions having high erodibility soils, steep slopes and
low vegetation cover. These areas should be considered as priorities in future erosion control programs in order
to decrease the siltation rate in the Cheffia reservoir.Badania miały na celu oszacowanie rocznego tempa erozji gleb i jego przestrzennego zróżnicowania
w zlewni Bou Namoussa w północnowschodniej Algierii z użyciem równania strat glebowych (RUSLE)
w ramach systemu GIS. Aplikacja modelu RUSLE w różnych środowiskach naturalnych i w dowolnej skali
uwzględnia 5 kluczowych czynników: zdolność erozyjną opadów, podatność gleb na erozję, nachylenie
i długość stoków, pokrycie roślinnością i działania ochronne. Każdy z tych czynników został utworzony w GIS
w formie warstwy rastrowej. Kombinacja tych warstw umożliwiła opracowanie mapy strat glebowych wskazującej
średnie tempo strat równe 7,8 Mg·ha–1·rok–1. Wydzielono 4 klasy natężenia erozji: niskie, umiarkowane, wysokie
i bardzo wysokie, reprezentowane odpowiednio na 40, 30,48, 22,59 i 6,89% całkowitej powierzchni. Obszary
o umiarkowanym, wysokim i bardzo wysokim tempie erozji gleb pokrywające ponad połowę powierzchni
zlewni były zlokalizowane głównie na glebach o wysokiej podatności na erozję, na stromych stokach i na terenach
o ubogiej pokrywie roślinnej. Te obszary powinny być traktowane jako priorytetowe w trakcie konstruowania
przyszłych programów ochrony przed erozją w celu zmniejszenia tempa zamulania zbiornika Cheffia
Lateral parabrachial nucleus and serotonergic mechanisms in the control of salt appetite in rats
This study investigated the effects of bilateral injections of serotonergic receptor agonist and antagonist into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) on the ingestion of water and 0.3 M NaCl induced by intracerebroventricular angiotensin II (ANG II) or by combined subcutaneous injections of the diuretic furosemide (Furo) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (Cap). Rats had stainless steel cannulas implanted bilaterally into the LPBN and into the left lateral ventricle. Bilateral LPBN pretreatment with the serotonergic 5-HT1/5-HT2 receptor antagonist methysergide (4 mu g/200 nl each site) increased 0.3 M NaCl and water intakes induced by intracerebroventricular ANG II (50 ng/mu l) and 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by subcutaneous Furo + Cap. Pretreatment with bilateral LPBN injections of a serotonergic 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist DOI (5 mu g/200 nl) significantly reduced 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by subcutaneous Furo + Cap. Pretreatment with methysergide or DOI into the LPBN produced no significant changes in the water intake induced by subcutaneous Furo + Cap. These results suggest that serotonergic mechanisms associated with the LPBN may have inhibitory roles in water and sodium ingestion in rats
Lateral parabrachial nucleus serotonergic mechanisms and salt appetite induced by sodium depletion
Rapid onset sodium appetite is inhibited by stretch of the superior vena cava-right atrial junction
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