Aberrant SGK1 Transcription in LNCaP: A Novel Feed-back Mechanism of TGF-beta1 Regulation in Prostate Carcinogenesis

SGK1, a serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase implicated in cancer, is regulated by TGF-beta1 and PI3-kinase. In a comparative study of different benign and cancerous breast and prostate cells, we demonstrate in this study that exon 11 deletion in SGK1 occurs only in LNCaP prostate cancer cells in association with the deficient TGF-beta1 mRNA message and FOXO3A-driven promoter activity. Using protein modeling approaches, we discovered that exon11 deletion in SGK1 could redistribute electrostatic surface potential around the major kinase domain and affect phosphorylation of SGK1 target proteins including FOXO3A. Concordantly, we found that LNCaP cells displayed FOXO3A hyperphosphorylation at the Ser218/321 (a site next to Ser315 with the marked SGK1 preference) along with changes in gene expression profile of TGF-beta relevant regulators (such as SMAD2/4, MAD4 and SKIP). Oncomine-interactome analysis further validated a possibility of reciprocal TGF-beta1 regulation by its transcriptional target SGK1 through alterations in FOXO/SMAD and steroid hormone nuclear receptor interactions

Identification of a repetitive sequence belonging to a PPE gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its use in diagnosis of tuberculosis

A repetitive sequence specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from a gt11 library of M. tuberculosis by DNA-DNA hybridization using genomic DNA of M. tuberculosis as probe followed by subtractive hybridization with a cocktail of other mycobacterial DNA. This led to identification of CD192, a 1291 bp fragment of M. tuberculosis containing repetitive sequences, which produced positive hybridization signals with M. tuberculosis DNA within 30 min. Nucleotide sequencing revealed the presence of several direct and inverted repeats within the 1291 bp fragment that belonged to a PPE family gene (Rv0355) of M. tuberculosis. The use of CD192 as a DNA probe for the identification of M. tuberculosis in culture and clinical samples was investigated. The 1291 bp sequence was present in M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and M. bovis BCG, but was not present in many of the other mycobacterial strains tested, including M. tuberculosis H37Ra. More than 300 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were probed with CD192, and the presence of the 1291 bp sequence was observed in all the clinical strains, including those lacking IS6110. The sequence displayed RFLP among the clinical isolates. A PCR assay was developed which detected M. tuberculosis with 100 % specificity from specimens of sputum, cerebrospinal fluid and pleural effusion from clinically diagnosed cases of tuberculosis

Mathematical Modeling of Software Bug Complexity

During testing of software, most of the bugs lying dormant in the software gets uncovered once the test cases are executed. Different bugs may take different amounts of effort and expertise for their removal. To understand the complexity of bugs from a developer‟s perspective, researchers have developed different mathematical models. Software consists of two types of bugs, dependent and independent. Dependent bugs are those whose removal depends upon the removal of some other bugs on which it is dependent. Dependency of bugs also makes the bug complex and bugs will take more time during fixing. Different debugging time lags functions have been taken to model different complexity of bugs. The aim of this paper is to study the bugs of different complexity. The complexity of bugs has been also modeled using dependency concept. Testing effort dependent bug complexity model using fault dependency has been also discussed. We also feel that that more complex bug will take more time and less complex bug will take less time during fixing. During removal of bugs, the removal team gets more familiar with the code during the fixing. The learning effect during testing has been incorporated using logistic removal rate. The models are validated based on different comparison criteria namely MSE, R2 , Bias, Variation and Root mean squared error.Keywords/Index Terms: Non-homogeneous Poisson process, bug complexity, bugs types

Gender Dependence for a Subset of the Low-Abundance Signaling Proteome in Human Platelets

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases is ten-times higher in males than females, although the biological basis for this gender disparity is not known. However, based on the fact that antiplatelet drugs are the mainstay for prevention and therapy, we hypothesized that the signaling proteomes in platelets from normal male donors might be more activated than platelets from normal female donors. We report here that platelets from male donors express significantly higher levels of signaling cascade proteins than platelets from female donors. In silico connectivity analysis shows that the 24 major hubs in platelets from male donors focus on pathways associated with megakaryocytic expansion and platelet activation. By contrast, the 11 major hubs in platelets from female donors were found to be either negative or neutral for platelet-relevant processes. The difference may suggest a biological mechanism for gender discrimination in cardiovascular disease

Not Available

Not AvailableThe camel Camelus dromedarius is an important livestock species uniquely adapted to hot and arid environment. Their choices feed includes dicotyledons. In developing countries like India where economy is growing, common keepers most often do not feed concentrate to their camels unless they become rundown. Due to introduction of new feed resources, this study was an attempt to investigate the rumen enzymes of camel maintained on different diets. There experimental groups of camel viz, Group 1 camel were given gaur phalgati (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) and ground nut (Archis hypogaea) chara in 1:1 ratio. Group 2 camels were give ground nut chara alone while in Group 3 camels jiggery 50%w/v was administrated as a single dose orally @ 15g’kg body weight apart from feding of ground nut chara were studied for their rumen enzymes. It could be concluded that in Group 3 camels which were given jiggery in addition to ground nut chara showed a significant change in the pattern and it could therefore be envisaged that there exists a significant role of nutrition on digestive pattern.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe camel Camelus dromedarius is an livestock species uniquely adapted o hot and arid environment. Dicotyledons are amongst preferred plants by camel. Cluster bean (guar) is an important drought resistant leguminous crop most suitable in arid areas. Camels, under conditions of scarcity of grazing especially in summer, are fed roughages and concentrates. The proportion of the concentrate and roughage in the complete ration is expected to change the microbial population in the rumen, which in turn may affect their capacity to colonize feed particles and may influence the nutrient utilization from the feed. In developing countries like india where economy is growing the supply of well established diet to the cattle is not possible for poor animal holders especially to the camel because it needs so much dry matter and concentrate to fulfil its daily feed requirments. So common keepers most often do not feed concentrate to their camels unless they become rundown. In that case they feed some millet flour or barley flour and gur (molasses) 1g/kg body weight for a few days till the camel regains his condition. If this molasses is given in excess amount, it cause gastro-intestinal disorders. These have been used widely to identify problem and to indicate dietary causes of diseases or low production. Due to introduction of new feed resources., this study was an attempt to investigate the serum proteins of camels maintained on different diets. Group I camels were given guar phalgati ( Cymopsis tetragonaloba) and ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) chara in 1:1 ratio. Group 2 camels were given ground nut chara alone while in Group 3 camels jiggery 50%w/v was administrated as a single dose orally @ 15g/kg body weight apart from feeding of ground nut chara. There was a significant change (P<0.01) in the protein levels among Group 1 and 2 and Groups 2 and 3. The concentration of protein was also in the normal range but the mean levels were higher in Group 3 followed by Groups 1 and 2 and it could be envisaged that there exists a significant role if diet pattern on protein profile.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe camel Camelus dromedarius is an important livestock species uniquely adapted to hot and arid environment. Their choices feed includes dicotyledons. In developing countries like India where economy is growing, common keepers most often do not feed concentrate to their camels unless they become rundown. Due to introduction of new feed resources, this study was an attempt to investigate the rumen enzymes of camel maintained on different diets. There experimental groups of camel viz, Group 1 camel were given gaur phalgati (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) and ground nut (Archis hypogaea) chara in 1:1 ratio. Group 2 camels were give ground nut chara alone while in Group 3 camels jiggery 50%w/v was administrated as a single dose orally @ 15g’kg body weight apart from feding of ground nut chara were studied for their rumen enzymes. It could be concluded that in Group 3 camels which were given jiggery in addition to ground nut chara showed a significant change in the pattern and it could therefore be envisaged that there exists a significant role of nutrition on digestive pattern.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe camel Camelus dromedarius is an livestock species uniquely adapted o hot and arid environment. Dicotyledons are amongst preferred plants by camel. Cluster bean (guar) is an important drought resistant leguminous crop most suitable in arid areas. Camels, under conditions of scarcity of grazing especially in summer, are fed roughages and concentrates. The proportion of the concentrate and roughage in the complete ration is expected to change the microbial population in the rumen, which in turn may affect their capacity to colonize feed particles and may influence the nutrient utilization from the feed. In developing countries like india where economy is growing the supply of well established diet to the cattle is not possible for poor animal holders especially to the camel because it needs so much dry matter and concentrate to fulfil its daily feed requirments. So common keepers most often do not feed concentrate to their camels unless they become rundown. In that case they feed some millet flour or barley flour and gur (molasses) 1g/kg body weight for a few days till the camel regains his condition. If this molasses is given in excess amount, it cause gastro-intestinal disorders. These have been used widely to identify problem and to indicate dietary causes of diseases or low production. Due to introduction of new feed resources., this study was an attempt to investigate the serum proteins of camels maintained on different diets. Group I camels were given guar phalgati ( Cymopsis tetragonaloba) and ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) chara in 1:1 ratio. Group 2 camels were given ground nut chara alone while in Group 3 camels jiggery 50%w/v was administrated as a single dose orally @ 15g/kg body weight apart from feeding of ground nut chara. There was a significant change (P<0.01) in the protein levels among Group 1 and 2 and Groups 2 and 3. The concentration of protein was also in the normal range but the mean levels were higher in Group 3 followed by Groups 1 and 2 and it could be envisaged that there exists a significant role if diet pattern on protein profile.Not Availabl

Blood Meal Preference of Some Anopheline Mosquitoes in Command and Non-command Areas of Rajasthan, India

Background: The present study was undertaken to compare the entomological situation by analyzing the bloodmeal of mosquitoes of canal irrigated and non-irrigated areas of Bikaner in order to explore scientific information onthe vector biology and malaria burden profile and to plan proper strategies for malaria control and eradication.Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected and the abdomen of the blood fed females were crushed on a filter paperfor blood meal analysis and subjected to precipitin test.Results: The blood meal analysis showed that Anopheles subpictus had a preference towards cattle blood, An.culicifacies and An. stephensi preferred human blood, while, An. annularis was noted to feed only on bovine blood.Conclusion: Although An. annularis, has been recently reported from the area, was found to feed exclusively onbovine blood, earlier reports suggest that this species is a vector of malaria and therefore preventive measuresshould be taken well in advance before this species gets established in the area