Mesozooplankton structure and seasonal dynamics in three coastal systems of Argentina: Bahía Blanca Estuary, Nuevo Gulf and Ushuaia Bay

Mesozooplankton communities in coastal ecosystems have successfully adapted to a wide range of environments. However, the current rate of coastal modification is challenging the survival of resident species. In this chapter, we describe the structure and annual dynamics of the mesozooplankton community in recent years for three coastal systems in Argentina that are subject to human disturbance: (1) Bahía Blanca Estuary, (2) Pirámide Bay in Nuevo Gulf and (3) Ushuaia Bay in the Beagle Channel. The seasonal dynamics of mesozooplankton abundance in Bahía Blanca Estuary during 2009-2010 exhibited a unimodal pattern with an increase during the warm seasons, while organism abundance increased linearly with both salinity and turbidity. In Nuevo Gulf, research on the seasonal dynamics of mesozooplankton conducted during 2014-2015 exhibited a bimodal abundance pattern with peaks in late summer and spring. No significant relationships between mesozooplankton and the environmental variables included in Nuevo Gulf were found. The seasonal dynamics of mesozooplankton in Ushuaia Bay in the years 2006-2008 exhibited a bimodal abundance pattern with peaks in summer and early autumn; this pattern was mainly driven by the concentration of chlorophyll a. In Bahía Blanca Estuary, a gradual decrease in species richness was observed throughout the last four decades, while changes in species composition were also observed, suggesting that some species have the ability to acclimate to higher salinity and turbidity as well as to pollution. In Nuevo Gulf, the mesozooplankton community showed no significant modifications over time, which may be related to the low anthropogenic pressure. Although no profound shifts in mesozooplankton were observed in Ushuaia Bay, eutrophication may have an impact in the future through its effect on primary producers.Fil: Berasategui, Anabela Anhi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: López Abbate, María Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: D'agostino, Valeria Carina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Presta, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Uibrig, Román Armando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: García, Tami Mailén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Nahuelhual, Eugenia Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Chazarreta, Carlo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Dutto, María Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Maximiliano Darío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Capitanio, Fabiana Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Hoffmeyer, Monica Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Bahía Blanca; Argentin

Estradiol’s Salutary Effects on Keratinocytes Following Trauma-Hemorrhage Are Mediated by Estrogen Receptor (ER)-α and ER-β

Although administration of 17β-estradiol (estrogen) following trauma-hemorrhage attenuates the elevation of cytokine production and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in epidermal keratinocytes, whether the salutary effects of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptor (ER)-α or ER-β is not known. To determine which estrogen receptor is the mediator, we subjected C3H/HeN male mice to trauma-hemorrhage (2-cm midline laparotomy and bleeding of the animals to a mean blood pressure of 35 mmHg and maintaining that pressure for 90 min) followed by resuscitation with Ringer’s lactate (four times the shed blood volume). At the middle of resuscitation we subcutaneously injected ER-α agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT; 5 μg/kg), ER-β agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN; 5 μg/kg), estrogen (50 μg/kg), or ER antagonist ICI 182,780 (150 μg/kg). Two hours after resuscitation, we isolated keratinocytes, stimulated them with lipopolysaccharide for 24 h (5 μg/mL for maximum cytokine production), and measured the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α and the activation of MAPK. Keratinocyte cytokine production markedly increased and MAPK activation occurred following trauma-hemorrhage but were normalized by administration of estrogen, PPT, and DPN. PPT and DPN administration were equally effective in normalizing the inflammatory response of keratinocytes, indicating that both ER-α and ER-β mediate the salutary effects of estrogen on keratinocytes after trauma-hemorrhage