785 research outputs found
Assessing the healthcare quality issues for digital incident reporting in Sweden: Incident reports analysis
YesObjective: This study explored healthcare quality issues affecting the reporting and investigation levels of digital incident
reporting systems.
Methods: A total of 38 health information technology-related incident reports (free-text narratives) were collected from one
of Sweden’s national incident reporting repositories. The incidents were analysed using an existing framework, i.e., the
Health Information Technology Classification System, to identify the types of issues and consequences. The framework
was applied in two fields, ‘event description’ by the reporters and ‘manufacturer’s measures’, to assess the quality of reporting
incidents by the reporters. Additionally, the contributing factors, i.e., either human or technical factors for both fields,
were identified to evaluate the quality of the reported incidents.
Results: Five types of issues were identified and changes made between before-and-after investigations: Machine to software-
related issues (n = 8), machine to use-related issues (n = 5), software to software-related issues (n = 5), use to software-
related issues (n = 4) and use to use-related issues (n = 1). Over two-thirds (n = 15) of the incidents demonstrated a
change in the contributing factors after the investigation. Only four incidents were identified as altering the consequences
after the investigation.
Conclusion: This study shed some light on the issues of incident reporting and the gap between the reporting and investigation
levels. Facilitating sufficient staff training sessions, agreeing on common terms for health information technology systems,
refining the existing classifications systems, enforcing mini-root cause analysis, and ensuring unit-based local
reporting and standard national reporting may help bridge the gap between reporting and investigation levels in digital
incident reporting
Magnetism in AV3Sb5 (A = Cs, Rb, K): Complex Landscape of the Dynamical Magnetic Textures
We have investigated the dynamical magnetic properties of the V-based kagome
stibnite compounds by combining the ab-initio calculated magnetic parameters of
a spin Hamiltonian like inter-site exchange parameters, magnetocrystalline
anisotropy and site projected magnetic moments, with full-fledged simulations
of atomistic spin-dynamics. Our calculations reveal that in addition to a
ferromagnetic order along the [001] direction, the system hosts a complex
landscape of magnetic configurations comprised of commensurate and
incommensurate spin-spirals along the [010] direction. The presence of such
chiral magnetic textures may be the key to solve the mystery about the origin
of the experimentally observed inherent breaking of the C6 rotational symmetry-
and the time-reversal symmetry.Comment: Accepted In Physical Review
Magnetism in AV3Sb5 (Cs, Rb, K): Origin and Consequences for the Strongly Correlated Phases
The V-based kagome systems AV3Sb5 (A = Cs, Rb and K) are unique by virtue of
the intricate interplay of non-trivial electronic structure, topology and
intriguing fermiology, rendering them to be a playground of many mutually
dependent exotic phases like charge-order and superconductivity. Despite
numerous recent studies, the interconnection of magnetism and other complex
collective phenomena in these systems has yet not arrived at any conclusion.
Using first-principles tools, we demonstrate that their electronic structures,
complex fermiologies and phonon dispersions are strongly influenced by the
interplay of dynamic electron correlations, non-trivial spin-polarization and
spin-orbit coupling. An investigation of the first-principles-derived
inter-site magnetic exchanges with the complementary analysis of q-dependence
of the electronic response functions and the electron-phonon coupling indicate
that the system conforms as a frustrated spin-cluster, where the occurrence of
the charge-order phase is intimately related to the mechanism of
electron-phonon coupling, rather than the Fermi-surface nesting.Comment: Accepted in Physical Review Letter
Formation of regulatory modules by local sequence duplication
Turnover of regulatory sequence and function is an important part of
molecular evolution. But what are the modes of sequence evolution leading to
rapid formation and loss of regulatory sites? Here, we show that a large
fraction of neighboring transcription factor binding sites in the fly genome
have formed from a common sequence origin by local duplications. This mode of
evolution is found to produce regulatory information: duplications can seed new
sites in the neighborhood of existing sites. Duplicate seeds evolve
subsequently by point mutations, often towards binding a different factor than
their ancestral neighbor sites. These results are based on a statistical
analysis of 346 cis-regulatory modules in the Drosophila melanogaster genome,
and a comparison set of intergenic regulatory sequence in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. In fly regulatory modules, pairs of binding sites show
significantly enhanced sequence similarity up to distances of about 50 bp. We
analyze these data in terms of an evolutionary model with two distinct modes of
site formation: (i) evolution from independent sequence origin and (ii)
divergent evolution following duplication of a common ancestor sequence. Our
results suggest that pervasive formation of binding sites by local sequence
duplications distinguishes the complex regulatory architecture of higher
eukaryotes from the simpler architecture of unicellular organisms
A protein kinase Cβ inhibitor attenuates multidrug resistance of neuroblastoma cells
BACKGROUND: The acquisition of drug resistance is a major reason for poor outcome of neuroblastoma. Protein kinase C (PKC) has been suggested to influence drug resistance in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether inhibition of PKCβ isoforms influences drug-resistance of neuroblastoma cells. METHODS: The effect of the PKCβ inhibitor LY379196 on the growth-suppressing effects of different chemotherapeutics on neuroblastoma cells was analyzed with MTT assays. The effect of LY379196 on the accumulation of [(3)H]vincristine was also investigated RESULTS: The PKCβ inhibitor LY379196 suppressed the growth of three neuroblastoma cell lines. LY379196 also augmented the growth-suppressive effect of doxorubicin, etoposide, paclitaxel, and vincristine, but not of carboplatin. The effect was most marked for vincristine and for the cell-line (SK-N-BE(2)) that was least sensitive to vincristine. No effect was observed on the non-resistant IMR-32 cells. Two other PKC inhibitors, Gö6976 and GF109203X, also enhanced the vincristine effect. The PKC inhibitors caused an increased accumulation of [(3)H]vincristine in SK-N-BE(2) cells. CONCLUSIONS: This indicates that inhibition of PKCβ could attenuate multidrug resistance in neuroblastoma cells by augmenting the levels of natural product anticancer drugs in resistant cells
Collective animal navigation and migratory culture: From theoretical models to empirical evidence
Animals often travel in groups, and their navigational decisions can be influenced by social interactions. Both theory and empirical observations suggest that such collective navigation can result in individuals improving their ability to find their way and could be one of the key benefits of sociality for these species. Here, we provide an overview of the potential mechanisms underlying collective navigation, review the known, and supposed, empirical evidence for such behaviour and highlight interesting directions for future research. We further explore how both social and collective learning during group navigation could lead to the accumulation of knowledge at the population level, resulting in the emergence of migratory culture
Hyperglycaemia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa acidify cystic fibrosis airway surface liquid by elevating epithelial monocarboxylate transporter 2 dependent lactate-H⁺ secretion
The cystic fibrosis (CF) airway surface liquid (ASL) provides a nutrient rich environment for bacterial growth including elevated glucose, which together with defective bacterial killing due to aberrant HCO3− transport and acidic ASL, make the CF airways susceptible to colonisation by respiratory pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Approximately half of adults with CF have CF related diabetes (CFRD) and this is associated with increased respiratory decline. CF ASL contains elevated lactate concentrations and hyperglycaemia can also increase ASL lactate. We show that primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells secrete lactate into ASL, which is elevated in hyperglycaemia. This leads to ASL acidification in CFHBE, which could only be mimicked in non-CF HBE following HCO3− removal. Hyperglycaemia-induced changes in ASL lactate and pH were exacerbated by the presence of P. aeruginosa and were attenuated by inhibition of monocarboxylate lactate-H+ co-transporters (MCTs) with AR-C155858. We conclude that hyperglycaemia and P. aeruginosa induce a metabolic shift which increases lactate generation and efflux into ASL via epithelial MCT2 transporters. Normal airways compensate for MCT-driven H+ secretion by secreting HCO3−, a process which is dysfunctional in CF airway epithelium leading to ASL acidification and that these processes may contribute to worsening respiratory disease in CFRD
Genomic characterization of a repetitive motif strongly associated with developmental genes in Drosophila
BACKGROUND: Non-coding DNA represents a high proportion of all metazoan genomes. Although an undetermined fraction of this DNA may be considered devoid of any function, it also contains important information residing in specific cis-regulatory sequences. RESULTS: We report a 27 bp motif that is overrepresented within the fly genome. This motif does not show any significant similarity with transposon sequences and is strongly associated with genes involved in development and/or signal transduction. The 27 bp motif is preferentially located within introns, and has a tendency to be present in multiple copies around genes. Furthermore, it is often found embedded in known non-coding regulatory regions. The regulatory network defined by this motif is partially shared in D. pseudoobscura. CONCLUSION: We have identified a 27 bp cis-regulatory sequence widely distributed within the Drosophila genome in association with developmental genes. This motif may be very useful towards the annotation of functional regulatory regions within the Drosophila genome and the construction of regulatory networks of Drosophila development
Holographic Vitrification
We establish the existence of stable and metastable stationary black hole
bound states at finite temperature and chemical potentials in global and planar
four-dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter space. We determine a number of
features of their holographic duals and argue they represent structural
glasses. We map out their thermodynamic landscape in the probe approximation,
and show their relaxation dynamics exhibits logarithmic aging, with aging rates
determined by the distribution of barriers.Comment: 100 pages, 25 figure
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