新規ニトロキシドラジカルの合成とリビングラジカル重合のメディエータとしての利用

博士(工学)大阪市立大

Biodewaterability and Liquid State Bioconversion of Activated Sludge Under Non-Sterilized Conditions

The study was conducted to evaluate the microbial treatment of domestic wastewater treatment plant (DWTP) or activated sludge by Liquid State Bioconversion (LSB) process under non-sterilized conditions. The selected two filamentous fungi, Penicillium corylophilum and Aspergillus niger isolated from Activated sludge were used to evaluate the treatment performance in LSB process under non-sterilized conditions through adaptation. It was observed that Penicillium corylophilum (WWZP1003) was the better strain compared to the Aspergillus niger (SCahmA103) for the bioconversion of activated sludge through adaptation. The visual observation in plate culture showed that about 95%-98% of cultured microbes (Penicillium corylophilum and Aspergillus niger) dominated in treated sludge after two days of treatment. In this study, it was also found that the Penicillium corylophil~rrn was capable of removing 94.40 % of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 98.95% of turbidity of filtrate with minimum dose of inoculum of 10% V/V in activated sludge with total suspended solids (TSS) of 1% w/w. The pH level was lower at 3.4-3.5 (acidic condition) in the fungal treatment with maximum reduction of COD, turbidity and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were observed. The results for SRF showed that the fungi led a great role to enhance the dewaterability and filterability. Ln particular, the strain Penicillium corylophilum had more capability (than Aspergillus niger) of reducing 93.20 % of SRF compared to the uninoculated sample. Effective results were observed by using fungal inoculum after 2 days of treatment. A statistical optimization of process factors was carried out to evaluate the linear and interaction effects on effective bioconversion of activated sludge using Penicillium. Three parameters namely temperature, agitation and pH with three levels were used to evaluate the process factors in term of biodegradability and biodewaterability/biofilterabiIity of activated sludge of 1% (w/w) TSS with 10% of inoculum dose of Penicillium corylophilum. A 3-level full factorial design (3" and response surface methodology (RSM) were used for the optimization of process factors through the biodegradability (removal of COD) and biodewaterability (SRF) of treatment sludge by a statistical software Minitab. The experimental data were designed by developing a second order polynomial regression model considering linear, quadratic and interaction effect. The optimum temperature, agitation and pH were observed to be 33S°C, 105 rpm and 5.5 respectively by the regression analysis on using experimental data under RSM. The maximum removal 98.5 % of COD, 99.0 % of turbidity and 95.0 % of SRF reduction were observed at that optimum process conditions in the activated sludge treatment by LSB under non-sterilized conditions. The maximum dry biosolids of 17.4 gkg production was observed with optimum process conditions by the fungal treatment (Penicillium corylophilum).The results in this study clearly indicate the effective bioconversion of activated sludge under non-sterilized conditions which may provide better waste management and disposd concerned

Amelioration of Drought Tolerance in Maize Using Rice Husk Biochar

This chapter discussed on mitigating effects of rice husk biochar to the drought effect on maize (“BARI Hybrid Bhutta 9”). Four doses of rice husk biochar at 0, 5, 10, and 20 t/ha were applied in soil before sowing of seed. Drought treatments were maintained at 60% of field capacity and 40% of field capacity by watering every alternate day, and 80% of field capacity (control) was also maintained as well-watered treatment. Plant growth and physiological parameters were studied at 6th leaf, 10th leaf, 14th leaf, tasseling stage, cob initiation stage, and maturity stage, and yield contributing parameters were studied after harvest. Soil physical and chemical properties were studied before sowing and after harvest of crop. Drought stress reduced plant morphological growth and affected physiology and yield of maize. Mitigation of drought stress in maize was well associated with the reduction of proline content, maintenance of water-related traits, exudation rate and enhanced chlorophyll content and SPAD value, as well as dry matter production. Rice husk biochar improved the growth and yield performance of maize under drought condition. Biochar application at 20 t/ha was the best treatment to improving drought tolerance in maize

Training curriculum on e-government: An empirical study on senior civil servants of Bangladesh

E-Government is to be ensured for good governance. There is a limited work in Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre (BPATC) to identify the need for e-Government knowledge and skill as well as attitude at the level of Joint Secretary. Therefore, the outcome of the research would contribute to identify the e-Government training need areas in terms of knowledge, skill and attitude of senior civil servant of Bangladesh, for which Senior Staff Course (SSC) curriculum may be redesigned.The objective of this study was to identify and assess the training needs of the participants of SSC to modify the Information and Computer Technology (ICT) curriculum of SSC; specifically to identify the relevant area of knowledge and skill of the SSC participant towards ensuring e-Government; to determine and identify the training need/module for SSC to manage e-Government and to suggest for policy guideline. As a research instrument this study is used structured questionnaire. This study extracted the core areas of training need related to e- government knowledge and skill and attitude. Thus, Principal Component Analysis has done with those core areas of skill and knowledge. Descriptive statistical results revealed that all those areas have high and significant relationship among the major variables and achieved high score of mean value. Descriptive statistics reveals that among the four major variables those are: ‘ICT Skill’; ‘E-government Management’;‘E-government Skill’; and ‘Attitude’ have relationship and those are important for Senior Level Civil Servant. But the mean score of those variables are not high as it is required. Therefore, these are the potential areas for the Joint Secretary Level official to formulate E-Government training module

Non performing loans - its causes, consequences and some learning

Investment in productive sector is the precondition for achieving the economic growth from a country perspective. Capital formation positively supports this investment function. Once a satisfactory level of capital is formed, the option of sound investment comes that ultimately leads to flow additional capital in future. The financial institutions, mainly banks, do these functions. In countries like ours, investment leakage in the form of non-functionalities poses a great threat on the sound running of this ‘capital formation – investment – capital formation’ process. This paper deals with non performing loan situations, basically the causes and consequences of this economic devil that is very much embedded in current economic structure. The possible steps are also pointed out to handle such situation.capital formation, workout, LRA, recovery agency

A Study on the Commutator Subgroups of Commutator in the Group in n Terms of Elements and it’s Properties

This paper aims at treating a study on the commutator in the group in n terms of elements for different algebraicstructures as groups; subgroup and cyclic group in real numbers. After that we discuss the commutator and commutatorsubgroups of groups in n terms of elements which will give us a practical knowledge to see the applications. If G is a finitegroup and a , bG , then C = {ab a-1b-1 : a,b

Effect of Silica Fume and Synthetic Fibre Towards the Compressive Strength of Modified Crumb Rubber Cement Mortar

Cracking is very common problem in cement mortar. Many past research has explored the prospect of using crumb rubber (CR) to overcome this issue. Different sizes of CR have been tested to measure its effect on the pore structure and mechanical strengths of cement mortar. Hence, this study has further modified the crumb rubber mortar mix by adding silica fume and synthetic fiber to improve its mechanical properties. The experimental results suggested that the optimum silica fume replacement of cement content was 5%. Hence, for the subsequent experiment with a fixed 5%silica fume replacement, the highest compressive strength of 26 MPa was achieved with 5% crumb rubber replacement. Finally, additional 0.1% of synthetic fiber added the modified crumb rubber mix to reduce the mix brittleness has produced a desirable compressive strength close to the control specimen which was significantly higher than the minimum threshold required by the standard. However, the water content ratio for the modified mortar mix should be further investigated as the present modified crumb rubber mix has lower workability. It is envisaged that the modified crumb rubber mortar mix has a sound potential to mitigate shrinkage cracking in cement morta

Non performing loans - its causes, consequences and some learning

Investment in productive sector is the precondition for achieving the economic growth from a country perspective. Capital formation positively supports this investment function. Once a satisfactory level of capital is formed, the option of sound investment comes that ultimately leads to flow additional capital in future. The financial institutions, mainly banks, do these functions. In countries like ours, investment leakage in the form of non-functionalities poses a great threat on the sound running of this ‘capital formation – investment – capital formation’ process. This paper deals with non performing loan situations, basically the causes and consequences of this economic devil that is very much embedded in current economic structure. The possible steps are also pointed out to handle such situation