Reinforcement of Natural Rubber Latex Films through surface modified silica with macromolecular coupling agent

The surface of precipitated silica particles was modified by reacting with a macromolecular coupling agent containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomer units. Interfacial interactions between -OH groups of silica and -COOH groups of macromolecule were created through H-bonds and covalent bonds confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Two different dispersions of unmodified/modified silica were prepared and incorporated to natural Rubber Latex (NRL). Physical properties of NRL films containing modified silica fillers were compared with those of films containing unmodified filler. Even distribution of modified filler was seen in microstructures of film cross sections obtained from Scanning Electron Microscope

Reinforcement of natural rubber latex films with surface modified silica

The surface of silica particles was modified by treating with a polymer containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomer units. Surface modification involved esterification of the surface hydroxyl groups with the carboxyl groups of the hydrophilic units of the polymer. Conversion of surface -OH groups to surface ester groups was confirmed Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Tensile properties of natural rubber latex films containing modified silica fillers were compared with those of films containing unmodified filler and the outstanding reinforcing ability surface modified filler was clearly evident

Contribution of hydrogen and/or covalent bonds on reinforcement of natural rubber latex films with surface modified silica

A macromolecular coupling agent containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups is made to react with precipitated silica. Interfacial interactions between [BOND]OH groups of silica and [BOND]COOH groups of macromolecule are found to be created through either hydrogen bonds alone or through hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds. Aqueous dispersions of unmodified and modified silica are prepared and the colloidal stability and particle size distribution of the dispersions are observed. The dispersions at neutral pH are incorporated into vulcanized/unvulcanized natural rubber latex. The formation of hydrogen bonds and/or covalent bonds is studied via FTIR spectroscopy and their contribution in encouraging filler-rubber interactions is emphasized through mechanical and swelling properties. Uniform distribution and dispersion of modified filler particles throughout the rubber matrix is confirmed by the microstructures of the latex films cast from filler added natural rubber latex

Surface modification of silica with a hydrophilic polymer and its influence on reinforcement of natural rubber latex

Surface modification of precipitated silica particles was carried out in both aqueous and non aqueous media separately with a polyacrylic based hydrophilic polymer synthesized in the laboratory. FTIR spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis of the modified and unmodified silica particles were performed to confirm successful surface modification. Colloidal stability of the aqueous dispersions of the unmodified/modified silica particles were observed at different pH levels. The dispersions at neutral pH were incorporated in different proportions to un-compounded and compounded natural rubber latex (NRL) separately and thin latex films were produced from them by casting. Dispersability of silica particles within the rubber matrix was examined through microstructure studies of films cast from unmodified/modified silica incorporated un-compounded NRL. The influence of surface modification upon the reinforcement of NRL was investigated through tensile and tear strength properties of vulcanized NRL cast films containing modified silica. The uniform dispersion of silica particles and the improved mechanical properties envisaged better compatibility of modified silica particles with NRL by means of interfacial interactions. A significant improvement in the mechanical properties was observed in the films produced with 5 – 7 phr of modified silica