RETENÇÃO PROLONGADA DOS DENTES DECÍDUOS

A retenção prolongada de um dente decíduo é a sua permanência no arco dentário após o período esperado para sua esfoliação, pode ocorrer por falta de espaço da erupção do permanente, posicionamento inadequado do germe sucessor, ausência do germe permanente, presença de supranumerários e anquilose dos dentes decíduos, segundo Guedes Pinto (1995)

HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN PAEDIATRIC AND NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS: IMPACT OF UNDERLYING RISK FACTORS AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE ON 30-DAY CASE-FATALITY

Objectives. Our aims were (i) to describe trends in the epidemiology of Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs) in paediatric/neonatal ICUs and (ii) to evaluate risk factors and impact of Multidrug-Resistance (MDR) in children admitted to ICUs. Design. Multicentre, retrospective, cohort study with a nested case-control study conducted between January 2010 and December 2014. Setting. Three tertiary-care paediatric hospitals in Italy and Brazil with a total of 97 ICU beds. Patients. Inclusion criteria were (i) admission to ICU during the study period (ii) age at onset <18 years and (iii) microbiologically-confirmed HAI. Results. 538 HAIs in 454 children were included. 93.3% of patients had comorbidities. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) were the leading pattern (45.4%). The cumulative incidence of HAI was 3.6/100 ICU-admission and the crude 30-day fatality rate was 5.7/1,000-admission. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Enterobacteriaceae, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.44% of isolates were MDR. Two multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Factors independently associated with an MDR -HAI were Country, previous antibiotics, transplantation, major surgery, and colonisation by an MDR strain. Factors independently associated with 30-day case-fatality were Country, previous transplantation, fungal infection, BSI, LRTI, and infection caused by MDR strains. Conclusions. Infection control and prevention should be a primary focus to limit the spread of MDR strains and improve the outcome of hospitalised patients. Targeted surveillance programmes collecting neonatal and paediatric HAI/BSI data and outcomes would allow global benchmarking between centres. The next step is to identify simple methods to monitor key HAIs and integrate these into affordable intervention programmes

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns