Demographic history in the United States: the first fifteen years

Auf der Grundlage bescheidener Anfänge - einer Sammlung von Artikeln über das Thema 'historische Bevölkerungsstudien' 1968 in Daedalus - wird die Ausbreitung des Studiums der Geschichte der Demographie in den USA beschrieben. Anhand einiger zentraler Problemgruppen wird ein Überblick über die Entwicklung und den gegenwärtigen Verlauf der Forschung gegeben. Die diskutierten Arbeiten sind exemplarisch über das jeweilige Gebiet ausgewählt worden; es wird kein Versuch gemacht, die umfassende und weitgefächerte Sammlung historischer demographischer Arbeiten, die von amerikanischen Wissenschaftlern herausgegeben werden, erschöpfend abzuhandeln (KWübers.)'From the modest and recent beginning - a collection of articles on the theme of 'Historical Population Studies' in Daedalus in 1968 -, the study of demographic history in the United States has expanded dramatically. Any effort briefly to characterize so lively a field is bound to be fragmentary. The essay is an attempt to look at the evolution of, and some current directions in, research on a few clusters of central problems. The works discussed have been selected as exemplary of the field; no attempt will be made to be exhaustive in covering the numerous and quite diverse collection of historical demographic works which have been published by American scholars.' (author's abstract

Garotas de loja, história social e teoria social [Shop Girls, Social History and Social Theory]

Shop workers, most of them women, have made up a significant proportion of Britain’s labour force since the 1850s but we still know relatively little about their history. This article argues that there has been a systematic neglect of one of the largest sectors of female employment by historians and investigates why this might be. It suggests that this neglect is connected to framings of work that have overlooked the service sector as a whole as well as to a continuing unease with the consumer society’s transformation of social life. One element of that transformation was the rise of new forms of aesthetic, emotional and sexualised labour. Certain kinds of ‘shop girls’ embodied these in spectacular fashion. As a result, they became enduring icons of mass consumption, simultaneously dismissed as passive cultural dupes or punished as powerful agents of cultural destruction. This article interweaves the social history of everyday shop workers with shifting representations of the ‘shop girl’, from Victorian music hall parodies, through modernist social theory, to the bizarre bombing of the Biba boutique in London by the Angry Brigade on May Day 1971. It concludes that progressive historians have much to gain by reclaiming these workers and the service economy that they helped create

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

Schooling The Masses: A Comparative Social History Of Education In France And Germany, 1750-1850. (volumes I And Ii).

PhDEuropean historyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/190214/2/7804768.pd