META ANALISIS: PENGARUH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIS SISWA DI INDONESIA TUJUH TAHUN TERAKHIR

Hingga saat ini ratusan kajian tentang kemampaun literasi matematis siswa telah disajikan dalam bentuk literatur yang didukung oleh penggunaan model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Dalam literatur terdapat banyak laporan dengan temuan yang bervariasi. Studi meta-analisis ini dilakukan untuk memeriksa efek keseluruhan penggunaan model PBL terhadap kemampuan literasi matematis siswa dan mendeteksi tingkat variasi antar studi. Database ERIC, SAGE, SpringerLink, dan Google Cendekia diperiksa untuk mencapai penelitian yang relevan dalam lingkup penelitian. Dengan memasukkan kata kunci yang telah ditentukan ke dalam database ini, ditemukan 112 artikel yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2013 dan 2020 diperiksa untuk tujuan penelitian. Sesuai kriteria inklusi, 14 artikel yang memenuhi kelayakan untuk dianalisis. Alat bantu analisis menggunakan software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA), dan indeks ukuran efek dari persamaan Hedges-g yang diperoleh ditentukan berdasarkan pada estimasi model efek-acak. Hasil penelitian ditemukan ukuran efek secara keseluruhan dari penerapan PBL terhadap kemampuan literasi matematis siswa adalah 0.830 dengan standar error sebesar 0.142. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa  penerapan PBL di Indonesia cukup efektif karena memeliki efek positif yang tinggi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa. Analisis terhadap tingkat variasi studi dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan empat variable moderator, menghasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam hal sumber publikasi penelitian (Q=7,571; p0,05), dan ukuran sampel (Q=0,277; p>0,05) tidak mengubah ukuran efek penggunaan PBL terhadap kemampuan literasi matematis siswa. Temuan ini menandakan bahwa model PBL lebih efektif diterapkan pada jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi. Fakta ini berkontribusi literatur sebagai pertimbangan dalam ilmplementasi PBL terhadap kemampuan literasi matematis dimasa depan.  Abstract Until now, hundreds of studies on students' mathematical literacy skills have been presented in the form of literature supported by the use of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. In the literature, there are many reports with varying findings. This meta-analysis study was conducted to examine the overall effect of using the PBL model on students' mathematical literacy abilities and detect the degree of variation between studies. The ERIC, SAGE, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar databases were examined to achieve research relevant to the study's scope. Entering predetermined keywords into this database found 112 articles published between 2013 and 2020 were analyzed for research purposes. As per the inclusion criteria, 14 articles were eligible for analysis. The analysis tool uses Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software, and the effect size index of the Hedges-g equation obtained is determined based on the random-effect model estimation. The results showed that the overall effect size of the application of PBL on students' mathematical literacy abilities was 0.830, with a standard error of 0.142. These findings indicate that the application of PBL in Indonesia is quite effective because it has a largely positive effect on improving students' mathematical literacy skills. Analysis of the level of study variation was carried out by considering four moderator variables, resulting in significant differences in terms of sources of research publications (Q = 7.571; p 0.05) and the sample size (Q = 0.277; p> 0.05) did not change the size of the effect of PBL use on students' mathematical literacy abilities. These findings indicate that the PBL model is more effective at higher education levels. This fact contributes to the literature as a consideration in implementing PBL for future mathematical literacy skills

Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive functioning in youth at ultra-high risk for psychosis: secondary analysis of the NEURAPRO randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Cognitive impairments are well-established features of psychotic disorders and are present when individuals are at ultra-high risk for psychosis. However, few interventions target cognitive functioning in this population. AIMS To investigate whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation improves cognitive functioning among individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. METHOD Data (N = 225) from an international, multi-site, randomised controlled trial (NEURAPRO) were analysed. Participants were given omega-3 supplementation (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo over 6 months. Cognitive functioning was assessed with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Mixed two-way analyses of variance were computed to compare the change in cognitive performance between omega-3 supplementation and placebo over 6 months. An additional biomarker analysis explored whether change in erythrocyte n-3 PUFA levels predicted change in cognitive performance. RESULTS The placebo group showed a modest greater improvement over time than the omega-3 supplementation group for motor speed (ηp2 = 0.09) and BACS composite score (ηp2 = 0.21). After repeating the analyses without individuals who transitioned, motor speed was no longer significant (ηp2 = 0.02), but the composite score remained significant (ηp2 = 0.02). Change in erythrocyte n-3 PUFA levels did not predict change in cognitive performance over 6 months. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support the use of omega-3 supplementation to improve cognitive functioning in ultra-high risk individuals. The biomarker analysis suggests that this finding is unlikely to be attributed to poor adherence or consumption of non-trial n-3 PUFAs

Evidence that complement and coagulation proteins are mediating the clinical response to omega-3 fatty acids: A mass spectrometry-based investigation in subjects at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

Preliminary evidence indicates beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in early psychosis. The present study investigates the molecular mechanism of omega-3 PUFA-associated therapeutic effects in clinical high-risk (CHR) participants. Plasma samples of 126 CHR psychosis participants at baseline and 6-months follow-up were included. Plasma protein levels were quantified using mass spectrometry and erythrocyte omega-3 PUFA levels were quantified using gas chromatography. We examined the relationship between change in polyunsaturated PUFAs (between baseline and 6-month follow-up) and follow-up plasma proteins. Using mediation analysis, we investigated whether plasma proteins mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and clinical outcomes. A 6-months change in omega-3 PUFAs was associated with 24 plasma proteins at follow-up. Pathway analysis revealed the complement and coagulation pathway as the main biological pathway to be associated with change in omega-3 PUFAs. Moreover, complement and coagulation pathway proteins significantly mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and clinical outcome at follow-up. The inflammatory protein complement C5 and protein S100A9 negatively mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and positive symptom severity, while C5 positively mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 and functional outcome. The relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and cognition was positively mediated through coagulation factor V and complement protein C1QB. Our findings provide evidence for a longitudinal association of omega-3 PUFAs with complement and coagulation protein changes in the blood. Further, the results suggest that an increase in omega-3 PUFAs decreases symptom severity and improves cognition in the CHR state through modulating effects of complement and coagulation proteins

Valerii Maximi Factorvm et dictorvm memorabilivm libri Novem.

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Influence of ionic contamination on SSFLCD addressing”, 5th International Conference on FLC

In this paper a theoretical SSFLCD switching model is presented which focuses on the calculation of the internal electric field. Using this model we can investigate the joint dynamics of the FLC reorientation and charge carrier transport inside the LC-layer with or without applied voltage. We give some results on charge separation and addressing problems