2,992 research outputs found

    The influence of family origin and socioeconomic variables on land use and deforestation of family lots in the Brazilian Amazon basin.

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    This article examines the influence of eleven independent variables (family origin, time of lot occupation, couple?s schooling, generational index, gender index, size of lot, land title, annual family income, access to rural credit, access to transportation to market the production, and access to electricity to benefit the production) on land use and deforestation of 2,555 family lots selected by the Brazilian federal policy denominated ?Social and Environmental Development of Rural Family Production Program? (Proambiente). The paper discusses six independent variables that demonstrated significant statistical influence on the deforestation of legal reserves of family lots: family origin, time of lot occupation, size of lot, annual family income, access to rural credit, access to transportation and access to electricity. This paper aims to provide data to the literature about land use and to collaborate with the improvement of governmental programs those combines agroecological transition and supply of environmental services to the global society

    City-wide Analysis of Electronic Health Records Reveals Gender and Age Biases in the Administration of Known Drug-Drug Interactions

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    The occurrence of drug-drug-interactions (DDI) from multiple drug dispensations is a serious problem, both for individuals and health-care systems, since patients with complications due to DDI are likely to reenter the system at a costlier level. We present a large-scale longitudinal study (18 months) of the DDI phenomenon at the primary- and secondary-care level using electronic health records (EHR) from the city of Blumenau in Southern Brazil (pop. 340,000\approx 340,000). We found that 181 distinct drug pairs known to interact were dispensed concomitantly to 12\% of the patients in the city's public health-care system. Further, 4\% of the patients were dispensed drug pairs that are likely to result in major adverse drug reactions (ADR)---with costs estimated to be much larger than previously reported in smaller studies. The large-scale analysis reveals that women have a 60\% increased risk of DDI as compared to men; the increase becomes 90\% when considering only DDI known to lead to major ADR. Furthermore, DDI risk increases substantially with age; patients aged 70-79 years have a 34\% risk of DDI when they are dispensed two or more drugs concomitantly. Interestingly, a statistical null model demonstrates that age- and female-specific risks from increased polypharmacy fail by far to explain the observed DDI risks in those populations, suggesting unknown social or biological causes. We also provide a network visualization of drugs and demographic factors that characterize the DDI phenomenon and demonstrate that accurate DDI prediction can be included in healthcare and public-health management, to reduce DDI-related ADR and costs

    Jornada de trabalho: o exemplo europeu [Hours of work: the European example]

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    This paper examines the role played by the decline in average annual hours of work per person in employment over the behavior of unemployment rate in Europe since II World War. The results show that, during the Golden Age of Capitalism in the twentieth century, the pronounced reduction in the average annual hours of work per person in employment (which can be traced to legal action or to particularly negotiation between the social partners) has been very important to keep the unemployment rate at very low levels in the main European countries. Nevertheless, after the eigthies, there has been an important decline in the rate of reduction of average annual hours of work per person in employment. Since then, this fact explains a great part of the raise of the unemployment rates in European countries.decomposition of unemployment rates; working hours; productivity; labor force

    Floração e frutificação de bocaiúva (Acrocomia aculeata) e do carandá (Copernicia alba) no Pantanal.

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    A bocaiúva apresenta frutos verdes o ano todo com frutos maduros de setembro a dezembro. O período da floração varia entre anos. A produção média de inflorescências e cachos varia entre anos. O carandá floresce de julho a dezembro e frutifica de janeiro a maio. Os cachos verdes permanecem na palmeira de dezembro a maio.bitstream/CPAP-2010/57274/1/COT78.pd

    Resultados preliminares do plantio do ginseng-do-Pantanal (Pfaffia glomerata) no Pantanal.

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    A demanda crescente mundial por medicamentos fitoterápicos tem despertado a atenção de muitos pesquisadores para plantas que possuam este potencial. O ginseng é uma das plantas que têm se pelo uso na medicina popular. No Brasil, são encontradas 21 espécies de ginseng do gênero Pfaffia que ocorrem em florestas e campos (Siqueira, 1988). Pfaffia paniculata, uma das espécies de ginseng, é utilizada como tônica, afrodisíaca e até antidiabética pela medicina popular (Oliveira et al., 1980). Pfaffia jubata é citada para cólicas e enterites (Siqueira, 1981). Já Pfaffia glomerata, o ginsengo-do-pantanal, tem indicação popular para melhora da visão e memória (Pott & Pott, 1994). Essas espécies já têm suas propriedades medicinais confirmadas com o isolamento de princípio ativo de suas raizes (Nakal et al., 1984; Nishimoto et al., 1988; Shiobara et al., 1993). O ginseng-do-pantanal, milagroso ou malva-branca, é uma espécie nativa do Pantanal, ocorrendo com freqüência regular, principalmente nas sub-regiões do Paraguai e Nabileque em solos argilosos ricos em cálcio e matéria orgânica (Pott & Pott, 1994). A espécie está adaptada aos ciclos de cheia e seca da região, apresentando grande plasticidade às mudanças ambientais, o que pode facilitar o seu aproveitamento e cultivo. Apesar do grande potencial econômico, os estudos com o ginseng não têm progredido a contento, devido às dificuldades encontradas para o cultivo, por exemplo, para Pfaffia paniculata o peso das raízes ficou muito baixa do esperado (Fáfia, 1987). No presente estudo foram avaliadas: a percentagem de germinação, a fenologia (época de brotação, floração e frutificação) e a curva de crescimento de mudas de Pfaffia glomerata transplantadas em área experimental na sub-região ou Pantanal do Paraguai.bitstream/item/79543/1/COT49.pd
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