Study on Teaching Strategy for Learning about Earthquake focused on Developing the Value System of Justice : On the Basis of the Tentative Lesson Plan of a Junior High School Social Studies “Let’s Think about the Problem of Earthquake Recovery”

　本研究は，社会的問題を解決する際の公正さの判断基準の構築によって市民的資質を育成しようとする社会科授業のあり方を，中学校社会科の具体的な単元の開発を通して提案しようとするものである。開発単元では，阪神・淡路大震災と東日本大震災を中心にとり上げており，どのような震災復興が望ましいかを考えさせることを通して，自らの公正さの判断基準を見直させ再構築していくことを目指した。本研究において提案する社会科授業構成原理は，価値判断力育成に関わるもので，それに関しては大杉昭英の研究が注目される。本研究は，社会的価値の認識を重視する大杉の研究に対して，生徒一人ひとりの価値観の形成に焦点をあてたものである。その授業構成原理は，パート１の「公正」という社会事象を捉える枠組みを構成していく段階と，パート２のパート１で構成した「公正」という枠組みを吟味し問い直すことで自己の判断基準を再構築していく段階からなる。そして，具体的には，開発した単元は，パート１の「公正」枠組みの構成段階と，パート２の「公正」枠組みを問い直し，吟味・検証を行う段階から構成されている。 　これまでの価値判断力育成の学習論の課題としては，公正概念の多様性をふまえ，子ども自身が持っている価値を吟味・検証させる視点がみられなかった点をあげることができる。本研究では，子どもの価値判断基準の枠組みである「公正」さを構成する段階，構成した枠組みを問い直し吟味する段階を経ることで，その課題を克服できることを明らかにした

STUDY ON THE PRINCIPLE AND THE ORGANIZATION OF CONTENTS OF THE HOLOCAUST LEARNING

本研究は､アメリカ合衆国で開発された教材『THE HOLOCAUST』の指導書である『THE HOLOCAUST A TEACHER'S GUIDE』の内容編成及び授業構成を分析し､ホロコースト学習の意義と方法を明らかにしようとするものである｡現在､わが国においては社会科地理､歴史､公民の各分野において民族問題の学習が行われているが､問題の追究の仕方や解決策の検討のさせ方などに問題を抱えている｡そのため､民族間題を取り上げた授業において､生徒の認識形成や意思決定は必ずしも科学的合理的なものとなっているとは言えない｡ よって､本研究では『THE HOLOCAUST』を分析して内容編成や授業構成の原理を解明した上で､我が国の社会科における民族問題学習の改善に対する示唆を得たいと考えている。In this paper I analyzed the contents and the lesson plan of the teaching materials "The Holocaust" published in the U.S. to indicate the principle and the teaching method of the holocaust learning. In the social studies of Japan, there are some problems about teaching the issues of ethnic. In Japan teachers fail to make students understand those issues on the basis of the social sciences. In this study I will exhibit how to improve the learning of the issues of ethnic in the social studies of Japan

Extended resection for appendicitis

Background : Appendectomy can be challenging and occasionally converted to extensive resection for complicated appendicitis. However, optimal treatment strategies can be developed using preoperative risk assessment. Thus, we aimed to investigate the preoperative predictors of extensive resection in complicated appendicitis patients undergoing surgery. Materials and methods : In total, 173 complicated appendicitis patients undergoing surgery between 2014 and 2019 were classified into the appendectomy (n = 153) or extensive resection (n = 20) groups. Clinicopathological factors and surgical outcomes were compared between groups. Results : Extensive resection was performed in 20 of 173 complicated appendicitis patients (11.5%). The rates of having defects in the wall structure at the appendix root on computed tomography images were significantly higher, and the duration from onset to surgery was significantly longer in the extensive resection group. Significant differences were found in operative duration, blood loss and postoperative hospitalization, but none in the incidence of postoperative complications between groups. Multivariate analyses showed that defects in the wall structure at the appendix root and five days or longer from onset were identified as independent predictors of extensive resection. Conclusions : Defects in the wall structure at the appendix root and five days or longer from onset predict extensive resection performance in complicated appendicitis patients

Developing the Lesson Plan about the Territorial Issues by the Political Policy Choosing Study: On the Basis of the Tentative Lesson Plan of a Junior High School Social Studies

　本研究は，政策選択学習の原理を応用した中学校社会科授業の単元開発の方法を，領土問 題をめぐる日本の外交政策を取り上げた単元の開発を通して明らかにしようとするものであ る。政策選択学習は，原理的には探求型の学習や意思決定学習を基盤とし，政治課題を探究 したうえでその解決に向けていくつかの選択肢を提示し，それらを比較・検討させたうえで より良い政策決定を促そうとするものである。今回，領土問題をめぐる日本の外交政策に関 して，他国との敵対を辞さない強硬策か，それとも相手国の意見も聞き平和に解決すること を目指す協調策かという軸と，日本単独で問題の解決を目指そうとするか，他国と連帯して 解決しようとするかという軸で４つの政策を設定し，それらの影響と結果を比較しながら， 生徒に意思決定を迫った。開発単元は，大人でも解決困難な問題についても，争点を把握し たうえで子どもなりの判断を求めていくことが可能であることを示している

Carboplatin-Paclitaxel Chemoradiotherapy With 66 Gy For Elderly Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/ Aim: The common radiation dose administered with chemoradiotherapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is 60 Gy. We aimed to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of carboplatin-paclitaxel chemoradiotherapy with 66 Gy for elderly NSCLC patients. Patients and Methods: Forty-five patients with stage III NSCLC were enrolled from 2011 to 2014 at our hospital. They were divided into three groups according to their status and underwent different treatments. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local control (LC) were determined. Toxicity was evaluated with NCI-CTCAE ver. 4.0; intergroup differences were analysed statistically. Results: The group receiving carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy with 66 Gy showed the longest median OS (40.4 months), PFS (17.9 months), and LC (44.3 months). Toxicity was acceptable in all groups. Conclusion: For elderly patients with stage III NSCLC, carboplatin-paclitaxel chemoradiotherapy with 66 Gy is suggested to be feasible and effective

Effect of low-dose human atrial natriuretic peptide on postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing pulmonary resection for lung cancer: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study

ObjectivesWe previously reported that patients with preoperative B-type natriuretic peptide levels of 30 pg/mL or more have increased risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection. This study evaluated the effects of human atrial natriuretic peptide on postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing pulmonary resection for lung cancer.MethodsA prospective, randomized study was conducted with 40 patients who had preoperative elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (≥30 pg/mL) and underwent a scheduled pulmonary resection for lung cancer. Results were compared between patients who received low-dose human atrial natriuretic peptide and those who received a placebo. The primary end point was the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation during the first 4 days after surgery.ResultsThe incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in the human atrial natriuretic peptide group than in the placebo group (10% vs 60%; P < .001). Patients in the human atrial natriuretic peptide group also showed significantly lower white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels after surgery.ConclusionsContinuous infusion of low-dose human atrial natriuretic peptide during lung cancer surgery had a prophylactic effect against postoperative atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection in patients with preoperative elevation of B-type natriuretic peptide levels. A larger sample size is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of this intervention