Adentrando em mares narnianos: Reflexão psicodinâmica do brincar sobre a crônica de C.S. Lewis / Entering the seas of narnian: Psychodynamic reflection of playing in the chronicle of C.S. Lewis

RESUMOO brincar é uma ferramenta importante para que a criança possa expressar no ambiente o seu mundo interno. É através dele que a criança manifesta seus conflitos, alegrias e habilidades. A partir do entendimento da psicodinâmica, foi analisado um conto retratando como a capacidade do brincar através da fantasia auxiliou no desenvolvimento infantil das personagens. Tendo como material de estudo a obra de C.S Lewis “O Leão, a Feiticeira e o Guarda-Roupa”, foram utilizados aspectos significativos da crônica que ilustraram a teoria de Winnicott. Por meio da brincadeira, os irmãos descobriram o mundo encantado de Nárnia. Demonstraram suas fraquezas, qualidades e conflitos, num espaço onde poderiam desenvolver estratégias psíquicas para lidar com todos os problemas apresentados na vida real. Desta forma, cada um dos quatro irmãos lidou de maneira diferente com suas angústias. A partir disto, foi possível observar como o processo imaginativo contribuiu para que as personagens enfrentassem as dificuldades vivenciadas em seu ambiente. Sendo possível ilustrar que a fantasia auxiliou os irmãos na melhora de suas relações fraternais e no crescimento moral, contribuindo assim para a elaboração de seus conflitos e permitindo seu desenvolvimento saudável.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem presentes em familiares de pacientes vítimas de queimaduras

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os diagnósticos de enfermagem de familiares de pacientes vítimas de queimaduras. Dezessete membros da família de pacientes vítimas de queimaduras foram avaliados por meio de observação e entrevista. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem foram estabelecidos com base na Taxionomia II da NANDA. Foram identificados 18 diferentes diagnósticos de enfermagem. Os diagnósticos: ansiedade, medo e sentimentos de pesar antecipado se caracterizaram pela manifestação de desespero ante a possibilidade da perda de um ente querido. Alguns diagnósticos, possivelmente, já estavam presentes antes do acidente ocorrer, como, por exemplo: desempenho de papéis ineficazes, manutenção do lar prejudicada, paternidade e maternidade prejudicadas.El objetivo en este estudio fue investigar los diagnósticos de enfermería de familiares de pacientes víctimas de quemaduras. Fueron evaluados diecisiete miembros de la familia de pacientes víctimas de quemaduras por medio de observación y entrevista. Los diagnósticos de enfermería fueron establecidos con base en la Taxonomía II de la NANDA. Fueron identificados 18 diferentes diagnósticos de enfermería. Los diagnósticos: ansiedad, miedo y sentimientos de pesar anticipado se caracterizaron por la manifestación de desesperación ante la posibilidad de la pérdida de un ser querido. Algunos diagnósticos, posiblemente, ya estaban presentes antes de que ocurra el accidente, como por ejemplo: desempeño de papeles ineficaces, manutención del hogar perjudicado, paternidad y maternidad perjudicadas.This study is aimed at investigating the nursing diagnoses of family members of burn victims. Seventeen family members were evaluated through observation and interviews. Nursing diagnoses were established on the basis of NANDA Taxonomy II. Eighteen different nursing diagnoses were identified. The diagnoses: anxiety, fear and anticipatory grieving were characterized through the manifestation of despair in the face of the possibility of losing a loved one. Some diagnoses possibly had already been present before the occurrence of the accident, such as, for example: inefficient role performance, impaired home maintenance, altered parenting

Structural assessment, toxicity, and increased antimicrobial activity

Scorpion venom is a rich source of biologically active components and various peptides with high-potential therapeutic use that have been characterized for their antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. Stigmurin is a peptide identified from the Tityus stigmurus venom gland with high antibacterial and antiproliferative activities and low toxicity. Amino acid substitutions in peptides without a disulfide bridge sequence have been made with the aim of reducing their toxicity and increasing their biological activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural conformation and structural stability, as well as antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and hemolytic activities of two peptide analogs to Stigmurin, denominated StigA6 and StigA16. In silico analysis revealed the α-helix structure for both analog peptides, which was confirmed by circular dichroism. Data showed that the net charge and hydrophobic moment of the analog peptides were higher than those for Stigmurin, which can explain the increase in antimicrobial activity presented by them. Both analog peptides exhibited activity on cancerous cells similar to the native peptide; however, they were less toxic when tested on the normal cell line. These results reveal a potential biotechnological application of the analog peptides StigA6 and StigA16 as prototypes to new therapeutic agents.publishersversionpublishe

Effect of clinical treatment on cardiovascular score risk indexes in patients with HIV infection

Embora o tratamento anti-retroviral (HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy) tenha reduzido a morbi-mortalidade da AIDS, ele está associado a distúrbios metabólicos e aumento do perfil de risco cardiovascular. Os escores de risco cardiovascular são freqüentemente usados para direcionar os programas de intervenções na redução do risco cardiovascular. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o efeito de um programa de prevenção primária sobre o risco cardiovascular estimado por três diferentes escores de risco cardiovascular. Analisamos prospectivamente 87 pacientes HIV+ encaminhados ambulatório de cardiologia, com risco cardiovascular elevado. Foram aplicados três escores de risco cardiovascular: Framingham (FR), PROCAM (PR) e ATP III do NCEP (ATP-III) em 4 etapas: Inicial e trinta dias, três meses e seis meses após intervenção por meio de um programa de prevenção. Adotamos para este estudo o conceito de baixo risco os indivíduos que apresentaram valores dos escores abaixo de 10%, para as complicações cardiovasculares nos próximos 10 anos, e risco elevado se os valores dos escores fossem acima de 10%. Todos os pacientes receberam orientações para adoção de estilo de vida saudável (atividade física, combate ao tabagismo, uso de alimentos saudáveis) e terapêutica farmacológica, quando indicado (hipolipemiantes e anti-hipertensivos). A nossa população teve como média das idades 52 anos, 92% eram do sexo masculino, 39,1% tabagistas, 70,1% com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e 18,4% com diabetes mellitus. Todos os pacientes usaram HAART, e 56,3% faziam uso dos inibidores de protease, e nenhum paciente teve sua terapia trocada (switched). O perfil lipídico analisado na fase inicial apresentou os seguintes valores: triglicérides = 298,70 mg/dL ± 242,30 , colesterol total = 224,6 mg/dL ± 47,6 , LDL-colesterol = 129,50 mg/dL ± 44,50 , HDL-colesterol = 43,10 mg/dL ± 12,60. Seis meses após intervenção o perfil lipídico apresentou as seguintes alterações: triglicérides=206,20 mg/dL + 135.3 (p<0,05), colesterol total = 189.8 mg/dL + 38.0 (p<0,001), LDL-colesterol = 109.10 mg/dL + 30.30 (p<0,001), HDL-colesterol = 45.20 mg/dL + 13.30 (p=NS). Observamos uma redução da freqüência de indivíduos com risco cardiovascular elevado segundo o escore de FR, de 92,0% para 27,6% após a intervenção (p<0,0001), com escore ATP-III de 80,5% para 50,6% (p<0,0002) e com o escore PROCAM de 25,3% para 14,9%, (p=NS). O programa de intervenção proposto associou-se a uma redução do risco cardiovascular estimado. Todos os escores, com exceção do PROCAM mostraram-se úteis na prática clinica e para triagem e acompanhamento dos pacientes com risco cardiovascular elevado. Entretanto o escore de Framingham se mostrou como o mais sensível que os outros escores e detectou pequenas variações no risco cardiovascular em curto espaço de tempo, devendo este ser o escore de escolha para esta populaçãoAlthough HAART therapy has reduced AIDS morbid-mortality, it is associated to metabolic disturbances and increased cardiac risk profile. It is well established in clinical cardiology that cardiac risk scores can predict cardiovascular complications with great accuracy and are useful to guide interventions toward risk reduction. We designed this study to analyze the effect of a primary prevention intervention program on the estimated cardiovascular risk and to compare the power of three different risk scores to detect risk reduction in a short time window. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 87 HIV + patients referred for cardiologic consultation for primary prevention and we assessed their cardiac risk applying 3 risk scores: Framingham (FR), PROCAM (PR) and National Cholesterol Education Program (ATP-III) in four steps: before and 30 days, 3 months and 6 months after intervention. For this study cardiovascular risk was classified as low if it was predicted less than 10% risk of cardiac complications for the next 10 years, or elevated, if it was higher than 10%. All patients were included in a cardiovascular prevention program and received non-pharmacological concealing (diet, physical activity prescription, smoking cessation advice) and pharmacological therapy, when appropriate (hypolipidemic and anti-hypertensive medications). Deviations in risk scores were compared using Fisher`s exact test at a p < .05 significance level. In our population, the mean age was 52 yrs, 92% were male, 39.1% were smokers, 70.1% had hypertension, 18.4% had diabetes. All patients were under HAART therapy, 56.3 % were receiving protease inhibitors, and no patient had his therapy switched. Lipid profile analysis before interventions revealed triglycerides = 298.70 mg/dL + 242.30, totalcholesterol= 224.6 mg/dL + 47.60, LDL-cholesterol = 129.50 mg/dL + 44.50, HDLcholesterol = 43.10 mg/dL + 12.60. Six months after intervention lipid profile change to: triglycerides = 206.20 mg/dL + 135.3 (p<.05), total-cholesterol = 189.8 mg/dL + 38.0 (p<.001), LDL-cholesterol = 109.10 mg/dL + 30.30 (p<.001), HDL-cholesterol = 45.20 mg/dL + 13.30 (p=NS). According to FR score, elevated cardiac risk before and 6 months after intervention was estimated in 92% x 27.6% of our patients, respectively (P = .0001). According to PROCAM score, it was 25.3% x 14.9%, respectively (P = NS). As for ATP-III, it was 80.5% x 50.6%, respectively (P= .0002). The proposed cardiovascular prevention program was associated with a reduction in the estimated cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV infection. All score risk indexes, except PROCAM are useful to the initial and follow-up evaluation of the cardiac risk in HIV infected patients, but the Framingham Risk score performance showed greater sensitivity than the others to detect small variations in a short time window, so it should be the score of choic

CONTRASTING LEVELS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG POPULATIONS OF THE ENDANGERED TROPICAL PALM EUTERPE EDULIS MARTIUS

Euterpe edulis is a tropical species that produces the heart of palm, an edible product of high economic importance. However, its natural populations have been severely threatened by unrestricted exploitation, along with the destruction of its natural biome, the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil. In this work, we examined the genetic diversity status of five natural populations using isozyme markers. Despite their limitations and replacement by DNA-based markers, isozymes are codominant markers that reveal accurate estimates of genetic diversity and structure patterns, as do microsatellites. Six informative isozyme markers were used to analyze the genetic variability of populations located in different areas of the Atlantic Forest (Ombrophilous Dense Forest and Seasonal Forest), and with different degrees of perturbation. Mean genetic diversity for all populations (Ho = 0.172, for 13 loci) was considered low for a tropical species, even for the markers used. Populations from Ombrophilous Dense Forest at the very South limit of distribution of the heart of palm presented the lowest genetic variability (Ho = 0.141), which is clearly observed from the allele frequencies, and might implicate in less adaptive potential in a scenario of climate change. On the contrary, the Seasonal Forest population presented the highest diversity (Ho= 0.237). It comprises one of the largest remaining reservoirs of heart of palm and maybe of its genetic variability. The contrasting levels of genetic diversity encountered in this study rehash the constant need of monitoring and conserving the current genetic diversity of E. edulis populations, as well as exploring strategies for its breeding

Immatures of Wyeomyia (Tryamyia) aporonoma (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected in Artificial Breeding in the South Brazil

Abstract. Reported is a date of immature forms of Wyeomyia (Triamyia) aporonoma Dyar & Knab in artificial container, associated with Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) is provided. The record was made during entomological survey at the municipality of Matinhos, littoral of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Imaturos de Wyeomyia (Tryamyia) aporonoma (Diptera: Culicidae) coletados em criadouro artificial no Sul do Brasil Resumo. Relata-se o encontro de formas imaturas de Wyeomyia (Triamyia) aporonoma Dyar & Knab em recipiente artificial, associado ao Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), durante inquérito entomológico no município Matinhos, litoral do estado do Paraná, Brasil