The Symmetries of Nature

The study of the symmetries of nature has fascinated scientists for eons. The application of the formal mathematical description of symmetries during the last century has produced many breakthroughs in our understanding of the substructure of matter. In this talk, a number of these advances are discussed, and the important role that George Sudarshan played in their development is emphasize

Confirmation of Parity Violation in the Gamma Decay of 180Hfm^{180}Hf^{m}

This paper reports measurements using the technique of On Line Nuclear Orientation (OLNO) which reexamine the gamma decay of isomeric $^{\rm 180}$Hf$^{\rm m}$ and specifically the 501 keV 8$^{\rm -}$ -- 6$^{\rm +}$ transition. The irregular admixture of E2 to M2/E3 multipolarity in this transition, deduced from the forward-backward asymmetry of its angular distribution, has for decades stood as the prime evidence for parity mixing in nuclear states. The experiment, based on ion implantation of the newly developed mass-separated $^{\rm 180}$Hf$^{\rm m}$ beam at ISOLDE, CERN into an iron foil maintained at millikelvin temperatures, produces higher degrees of polarization than were achieved in previous studies of this system. The value found for the E2/M2 mixing ratio, $\epsilon$ = -0.0324(16)(17), is in close agreement with the previous published average value $\epsilon$ = - 0.030(2), in full confirmation of the presence of the irregular E2 admixture in the 501 keV transition. The temperature dependence of the forward-backward asymmetry has been measured over a more extended range of nuclear polarization than previously possible, giving further evidence for parity mixing of the 8$^{\rm -}$ and 8$^{\rm +}$ levels and the deduced E2/M2 mixing ratio.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Quantum Field Theory of Meson Mixing

We have developed a quantum field theoretic framework for scalar and pseudoscalar meson mixing and oscillations in time. The unitary inequivalence of the Fock space of base (unmixed) eigenstates and the physical mixed eigenstates is proven and shown to lead to a rich condensate structure. This is exploited to develop formulas for two flavor boson oscillations in systems of arbitrary boson occupation number. The mixing and oscillation can be understood in terms of vacuum condensate which interacts with the bare particles to induce non-trivial effects. We apply these formulas to analyze the mixing of $\eta$ with $\eta'$ and comment on the $K_L K_S$ system. In addition, we consider the mixing of boson coherent states, which may have future applications in the construction of meson lasers.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures; Eqs.(10-12) corrected, leading to new physical insights; added paragraph under Eq.(24) explaining physical interpretation of mixing in terms of vacuum condensation; references added and minor typo correcte

T-violation in Kμ3K_{\mu3} decay in a general two-Higgs doublet model

We calculate the transverse muon polarization in the $K^+_{\mu3}$ process arising from the Yukawa couplings of charged Higgs boson in a general two-Higgs doublet model where spontaneous violation of CP is presentComment: 6 pages, latex, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Possibility between earthquake and explosion seismogram differentiation by discrete stochastic non-Markov processes and local Hurst exponent analysis

The basic purpose of the paper is to draw the attention of researchers to new possibilities of differentiation of similar signals having different nature. One of examples of such kind of signals is presented by seismograms containing recordings of earthquakes (EQ's) and technogenic explosions (TE's). We propose here a discrete stochastic model for possible solution of a problem of strong EQ's forecasting and differentiation of TE's from the weak EQ's. Theoretical analysis is performed by two independent methods: with the use of statistical theory of discrete non-Markov stochastic processes (Phys. Rev. E62,6178 (2000)) and the local Hurst exponent. Time recordings of seismic signals of the first four dynamic orthogonal collective variables, six various plane of phase portrait of four dimensional phase space of orthogonal variables and the local Hurst exponent have been calculated for the dynamic analysis of the earth states. The approaches, permitting to obtain an algorithm of strong EQ's forecasting and to differentiate TE's from weak EQ's, have been developed.Comment: REVTEX +12 ps and jpg figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E, December 200

On the Dalitz Plot Approach in Non-leptonic Charm Meson Decays

We claim that the non-resonant contribution to non-leptonic charm meson decays may not be constant in the phase space of the reaction. We argue that this can be relevant for any weak reaction. We discuss in detail the decay $D^+ \to K^- \pi^+ \pi^+$.Comment: Version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. 9 pages, Latex, including 2 figure

Baryogenesis via lepton number violating scalar interactions

We study baryogenesis through lepton number violation in left-right symmetric models. In these models the lepton number and CP violating interactions of the triplet higgs scalars can give rise to lepton number asymmetry through non-equilibrium decays of the $SU(2)_L$ triplet higgs and the right handed neutrinos. This in turn generates baryon asymmetry during the electroweak anomalous processes.Comment: 14 pages, UTPT-93-1

Measurement of quasi-elastic 12C(p,2p) scattering at high momentum transfer

We measured the high-momentum quasi-elastic 12C(p,2p) reaction (at center of mass angle near 90 degrees) for 6 and 7.5 GeV/c incident protons. The three-momentum components of both final state protons were measured and the missing energy and momentum of the target proton in the nucleus were determined. The validity of the quasi-elastic picture was verified up to Fermi momenta of about 450 MeV/c, where it might be questionable. Transverse and longitudinal Fermi momentum distributions of the target proton were measured and compared to independent particle models which do not reproduce the large momentum tails. We also observed that the transverse Fermi distribution gets wider as the longitudinal component increases in the beam direction, in contrast to a simple Fermi gas model.Comment: 4 pages including 3 figure