Architecture for "Other". China's eclectic pragmatism in developing countries within the framework of the Belt and Road initiative

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

How Tmrt Affects PET Assessment in Outdoor Environments: A Comparative Study

peer reviewedMany studies explored outdoor thermal comfort in the last several years since it has been strongly related to human health and well-being. The Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) is considered one of the most commonly used thermal comfort indexes. It had been approved and applied within different urban spaces and climates. This study is comparative research that explored the importance of using the Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt) in the PET assessment. The first method calculated PET based on three measured variables, i.e., relative humidity, wind velocity and air temperature. RayMan software is mainly being utilized to perform this calculation. The second approach calculated PET by combining Envi-met and RayMan. Envi-met allowed four calibrated data, i.e., air temperature (Ta), wind velocity (Wv), relative humidity (RH) and mean radiant temperature (Tmrt). RayMan software used the calibrated results to calculate PET. These methods were explored in outdoor environments at Annaba, Algeria, characterized by the Mediterranean climate. The results showed significant differences in PET values, especially through the warmest times of the day. Certainly, the first method highlighted very high PET values, where 40 ≤PET<51 at noon. At the same time, using Tmrt gave precise PET values (30≤PET ≤32). Based on these findings, we can confirm the importance of considering Tmrt in the PET calculation, which allowed for identifying the accurate comfort range.11. Sustainable cities and communitie

Architecture For "Other"? Building A Critical Account On Architecture "Othering" From Colonial To Post-Colonial Time (19 th Century -Present Time)

peer reviewedHistorically architecture as an art form design medium has prevailing characters used to express various messages. Architecture is manifested to serve different ideologies and philosophies. One defining issue is how architects dealt with "other" (contrary to self, alien) geography, context, culture and situation? Within constructed mindsets that understand "other" as distinct, strange, weak, uncivilized and "self" as strong, civilized, universal and etc. This dichotomy served imperialist ideology and exploitation and paved the way for architects to find "other" as an opportunity to impose their beliefs, annihilate alterity, and exploit it. These three trends incepted from imperialist ideology in colonial times and continued their influence until now. This paper critically explores how architecture for "other" is constructed, manifested and represented by "self" through the discourse of colonialism to the post-colonial era. The architecture for "other" research has adopted a methodology different from the normative historiography of post-colonial scholarships that emphasises the West vs. non-West confrontation. It is based on foundational meanings derived from the philosophy of "other" and "Self". Whether it is the relationship between colonizer/ colonized, postwar cultural politics of American influence on Europe, Asia and elsewhere and the socialist globalisation by soviet and multiple globalisation from different parts of the world have marked lasting impacts on constructing "other" architecture. This paper unmasks this issue by specifically elaborating on the triad features of 'self' and 'other' binary relations in architecture discourse. These triad features of architecture for "other" are; architecture as a medium for practising hegemony, the architecture of rationalism (civilizing world), and others as a platform to experiment with the newest architectural ideas

LA MAISON DE VERRE (Myth of Transparency/Translucency and Light)

peer reviewedHistorically transparency/translucency and light of glass material in architecture have different meanings and myths. In this paper, the authors will focus on these three words, transparency/translucency and light, which are the most prominent features of Modern Architecture discourse. One should not be confused with these three words because these are interrelated to each other, possessing the character of glass material in architecture. La Maison de Verre, "House of Glass" in Paris, built between 1928-32, is one of the earliest examples of modern architecture which exhibits the application of glass material in a unique way. An examination of this structure in terms of transparency/translucency and light effects will be more interesting

Urban Sprawl, Its Impact and Challenges: A Case Study of Quetta, Pakistan

peer reviewedUrban areas are often developed according to their zoning codes. Each city's zoning is planned considering its character and function. The size of streets, height and size of homes, building sizes, space reserved for pedestrians, and even operating a small food business from home is designed based on the zoning rules. The opinion of residents can be helpful for better planning and management of a city. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, public opinion is not considered in the planning and management of cities. This study focuses on the urban sprawl, its impact, and the urban challenges faced in Quetta, Pakistan. It is based on field surveys, questionnaires, observations, and interviews. The results focus on seven key aspects of urban facilities. The results show that urban sprawl is rapidly growing in Quetta city, and there is an urgent need to address this issue. In the end, the recommendations are made to provide better health and living facilities for the residents of Quetta.11. Sustainable cities and communities6. Clean water and sanitation3. Good health and well-being4. Quality educatio