Distribuição do carbono nas frações do solo sob área de floresta.

As transformações dos sistemas naturais nas regiões tropicais, geralmente cobertas por florestas com grande biomassa representam uma importante causa do aumento da concentração de CO2 atmosférico. Estimou-se a estocagem e a suscetibilidade potencial do carbono no solo do ecossistema sob floresta, até 2 m de profundidade, a partir da determinação da qualidade e a da quantidade do carbono orgânico nas diversas frações do solo em área de floresta primária na Amazônia Central. Fracionou-se a matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) por densidade e granulometria, obtendo-se: FLF (fração leve livre), FLIA (fração leve intra-agregada), F-areia (fração areia), F-argila (fração argila) e F-silte (fração silte). As amostras de solo para o fracionamento e análises físicas foram coletadas em posições topográficas distintas (platô, vertente e baixio), em parcelas de 20 m x 40 m, nas camadas entre 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, 100-160 e 160-200 cm de profundidade. Na superfície, o carbono está estocado na fração leve livre (FLF) e em profundidade na fração pesada (F-argila). A distribuição do carbono nas frações do solo foram de 112,6 Mg ha-1 (FLF), 2,5 Mg ha-1 (FLIA), 40,5 Mg ha-1 (F-silte), 56,2 Mg ha-1 (F-argila) e 28,3 Mg ha-1 (F-areia). O carbono orgânico do solo (COS) estocado no platô (Latossolo), vertente (Argissolo) e baixio (Espodossolo) foi de 86,1 Mg ha-1, 72,6 Mg ha-1 e 81,4 Mg ha-1, respectivamente, potencializando uma capacidade de emissão para a atmosfera de 240,1 Mg ha-1

BAY 41-2272, a soluble guanylate cyclase agonist, activates human mononuclear phagocytes

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOPhagocyte function is critical for host defense against infections. Defects in phagocytic function lead to several primary immunodeficiencies characterized by early onset of recurrent and severe infections. In this work, we further investigated the effects of BAY 41-2272, a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) agonist, on the activation of human peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and THP-1 cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH THP-1 cells and PBM viability was evaluated by methylthiazoletetrazolium assay; reactive oxygen species production by lucigenin chemiluminescence; gene and protein expression of NAPDH oxidase components by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively; phagocytosis and microbicidal activity by co-incubation, respectively, with zymosan and Escherichia coli; and cytokine release by elisa. KEY RESULTS BAY 41-2272, compared with the untreated group, increased spreading of monocytes by at least 35%, superoxide production by at least 50%, and gp91PHOX and p67PHOX gene expression 20 to 40 times, in both PBM and THP-1 cells. BAY 41-2272 also augmented phagocytosis of zymosan particles threefold compared with control, doubled microbicidal activity against E. coli and enhanced the release of TNF-a and IL-12p70 by both PBM and THP-1 cells. Finally, by inhibiting sGC with ODQ, we showed that BAY 41-2272-induced superoxide production and phagocytosis is not dependent exclusively on sGC activation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In addition to its ability to induce vasorelaxation and its potential application for therapy of vascular diseases, BAY 41-2272 was shown to activate human mononuclear phagocytes. Hence, it is a novel pro-inflammatory drug that may be useful for controlling infections in the immunocompromised host166516171630FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO06/51004-2; 06/52483-1470978/2008-

Distribuição do carbono orgânico nas frações do solo sob diferentes sistemas de uso da terra na Amazônia Central.

O solo desempenha importante papel no ciclo do C, porém a substituição da floresta tropical por áreas cultivadas altera a dinâmica e o estoque desse elemento. A quantificação do carbono nas diferentes frações da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) torna-se necessária devido ao interesse de conhecer o potencial de captura e armazenamento do carbono em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo (SUT). O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a distribuição do carbono orgânico nas frações do solo, até 2,0 m de profundidade, sob diferentes SUT na Amazônia Central. Utillizou-se o fracionamento densimétrico (FD) e fracionamento granulométrico (FD) para obtenção das frações do solo e cromatrografia gasoso para quantificação do carbono organico nas frações. O carbono orgânico do solo (COS) contido nas camadas superficiais (0-5,5-10,10-20,20-40cm) está associado as frações lábeis do solo, enquanto que em camadas a partir de 1,0 de profundidade o COS está retido nas frações pesadas do solo. SUT do tipo SS e SAF imitam a Floresta, recuperam o COS, sendo alternativas viáveis de recuperação de solo submetidos a degradação e a cultivos intensos na Amazônia

Efeitos da adubação orgânica e da cobertura morta na produtividade, no teor e na composição do óleo essencial de gengibre.

Com o objetivo de verificar a influência da adubação orgânica e da cobertura morta na produtividade, teor e composição do óleo essencial do gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) foi desenvolvido experimento em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições, usando espaçamento de 0,20 x 1,20 m em parcelas subdivididas

Fast and stable gratings inscription in POFs made of different materials with pulsed 248 nm KrF laser

"© 2018 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited"[EN] This paper presents fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscription with a pulsed 248 nm UV KrF laser in polymer optical fibers (POFs) made of different polymers, namely polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cyclic-olefin polymer and co-polymer, and Polycarbonate. The inscribed gratings and the corresponding inscription parameters are compared with grating inscribed in POFs made of the aforementioned materials but with the hitherto most used laser for inscription, which is a continuous wave 325 nm UV HeCd laser. Results show a reduction of the inscription time of at least 16 times. The maximum time reduction is more than 130 times. In addition, a reflectivity and a bandwidth close to or higher than the ones with the 325 nm laser were obtained. The polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs) inscribed with the 248 nm laser setup present high stability with small variations in their central wavelength, bandwidth, and reflectivity after 40 days. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement.Fundacao para Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) (SFRH/BPD/109458/2015, UID/EEA/50008/2013).Marques, C.; Min, R.; Leal-Junior, A.; Antunes, P.; Fasano, A.; Woyessa, G.; Nielsen, K.... (2018). Fast and stable gratings inscription in POFs made of different materials with pulsed 248 nm KrF laser. Optics Express. 26(2):2013-2022. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.002013S20132022262Webb, D. J. (2015). Fibre Bragg grating sensors in polymer optical fibres. Measurement Science and Technology, 26(9), 092004. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/26/9/092004Prado, A. R., Leal-Junior, A. 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