Dogs’ Shampoos for the Coat Care

The majority of cosmetics for dogs are shampoos. These are used not only to wash the coat and improve its structural properties; but also as adjuvant treatment in various skin disease The dogs’ owners in Lithuania are beginning carefully to take care of their pet well-being, skin health and appearance of the coat. There are many cosmetic devices for this reason and the market is expanding by the addition of new products. So, the purpose of this work was to evaluate shampoos effects to dogs‘ hair for daily coat care. There were three dogs in the research work involved, and three shampoos for daily coat care for research work selected randomly: X1, X2 and X3. Some hair of each dog were used for analysis by scanning electron microscope FEI Quanta 200 FEG. There were taken hair photos‘ of cross-section. Other hair was used to evaluate hair‘ ratio of convolution. The maximum visible changes of hairs cross-section are seen in photos made after bathing of every dog with X3 shampoo. The ratio of convolution have increased in german jagdterriers breed case with all exploratory shampoos. Labrador retriever and german shepherd ridge‘s hair ratio of convolution reduced after bathing with all exploratory shampoos. After the research, there were established which exploratory shampoo is the most economical (X3), which is the most suitable for dogs’ skin pH (X3). Also, the influence of shampoos’ for hair surface, cross-section diameter and ratio of convolution was observed. In conclusion, the maximum visible changes were observed in photos after bathing with X3 shampoo, which was evaluated like the best by the dogs‘owners

Topical antifungal bigels: formulation, characterization and evaluation

Bigels with antifungal substances, ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine hydrochloride, were made of hydrogel (poloxamer 407 gel) and oleogel (polyethylene and liquid paraffin mixture). Prepared bigels were found physically stable at room temperature for six months and at least four months at 40 °C. Released amount of drug decreased when oleogel concentration in the formulation increased. Release test results depended on the insertion place of active substances. The amount of released substance was highest when ciclopirox olamine was incorporated in both phases in an equal quantity, and terbinafine hydrochloride in oleogel or in hydrogel. All formulations showed great inhibition of Microsporum canis. Thus, bigels with ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine hydrochloride are a promising dosage form for topical use

Topical antifungal bigels: Formulation, characterization and evaluation

Bigels with antifungal substances, ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine hydrochloride, were made of hydrogel (poloxamer 407 gel) and oleogel (polyethylene and liquid paraffin mixture). Prepared bigels were found physically stable at room temperature for six months and at least four months at 40 °C. Released amount of drug decreased when oleogel concentration in the formulation increased. Release test results depended on the insertion place of active substances. The amount of released substance was highest when ciclopirox olamine was incorporated in both phases in an equal quantity, and terbinafine hydrochloride in oleogel or in hydrogel. All formulations showed great inhibition of Microsporum canis. Thus, bigels with ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine hydrochloride are a promising dosage form for topical use

Extracts of Poplar Buds (Populus balsamifera L., Populus nigra L.) and Lithuanian Propolis: Comparison of Their Composition and Biological Activities

Balsam poplar and black poplar (Populus balsamifera L. and Populus nigra L.) buds that grow in Lithuania are the primary source of propolis, therefore it is proper to evaluate and compare the composition of these raw plant materials and propolis quantitatively and qualitatively. Propolis and balsamic poplar bud extract are dominated by p-coumaric acid and black poplar-caffeic acid. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) and CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) methods and all extracts showed antioxidant activity, and obtained results correlated with the obtained amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the extracts. Studies of antimicrobial activity have shown that all extracts have a growth inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, but the extract of balsam poplar buds showed the most significant effect of such kind. Considering the results of the research, it can be stated that balsam poplar buds cultured in Lithuania are the primary raw material of propolis, which is rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties and is a promising raw material for pharmaceutical purposes