BIRDS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDENS OF INDONESIA AT BOGOR

S. van BALEN, E.T. MARGAWATI & SUDARYANTI. 1986. Audi fauna Kebun Raya Bogor. Berita Biolugi 3(4): 167- 172. Avifauna di Kebun Raya Bogor diamati dan disensus selama tahun 1980 - 1981 dalam rangka penelitian tentang perubahan populasi burung di Bogor dan sekitarnya. Beberapa jenis burung yang umum terdapat di Kebun Raya sebelumnya, ternyata jumlahnya sudah sangat berkurang bahkan ada yang sudah hilang. Dilihat dari keanekaragaman jenis, avifauna di Kebun Raya menurun. Pengamatan ditemskan selama bulan April - Mei 1984 dcngan kesimpulan yang sama

GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION IN FOUR INDONESIAN CATTLE BREEDS INFERRED FROM ILLUMINA PARENTAGE SNP MARKERS

Genetic characterization in native livestock is essential to conserve the genetics standard of livestock for pure-breeding programs.  This research aimed to characterize four Indonesian cattle breeds using 156 sites of Parentage SNP Markers, includingARS-USMARC-Parent (119 sites) and ARS-USMARC (37 sites).  Total of 113 mixed-sex animals were used for the evaluation, including 16 Bali (Bos javanicus), 16 Madura (Bos indicus), 33 Ongole grade (Bos indicus), and 48 Sumba Ongole (Bos indicus) cattle breeds. Results showed Bali, Madura, and Ongole lineage (Ongole grade and Sumba Ongole) cattle can be discriminated against with the Parentage SNP Markers. The pairwise genetic distance analysis revealed that Bali cattle had a closer genetic relationship with Madura cattle (0.043 - 0.151) than Ongole lineage cattle (0.073 - 0.325).  However, the phylogenetic tree explained that the Ongole lineage cattle are grouped into two different clades. At the same time, Bali, Madura and Ongole lineage cattle are grouped into their original cluster.  The study suggests that the Parentage SNP Markers can be used to characterize Bali, Madura, and Ongole lineage cattle accurately