Parâmetros oculares no rastreamento visual de cenas com conteúdo emocional

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Processos Psicológicos Básicos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Comportamento, 2014.Movimentos oculares têm sido descritos como indicativos de processos cognitivos que ocorrem em paralelo a sua própria existência. Dessa forma, podem ofertar dicas valiosas sobre como o cérebro organiza a constante torrente de informações a seu redor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a existência de relações entre os movimentos oculares ocorridos durante o rastreamento de estímulos visuais e as características emocionais dos mesmos. Para tanto, mediram-se as variáveis tamanho pupilar, tempo decorrido em sacadas e fixações e número de sacadas e fixações, buscando-se avaliar o impacto das variáveis independentes emoção, tipo de tarefa e sexo. O estudo foi composto por uma amostra de 55 participantes entre 18 e 30 anos, 52,9% homens e 90,9% com ensino superior incompleto, organizados em oito grupos experimentais, conforme o perfil emocional dos estímulos apresentados. A tarefa experimental constituía-se na apresentação de uma série de imagens de cenas visuais complexas, de quatro categorias temáticas principais (pessoas, ações humanas, animais e ambiente), sendo que os participantes as observavam ora livremente, ora com a tarefa de avaliar suas cargas de valência e alerta. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que os tamanhos pupilares foram influenciados pelas variáveis emoção e tipo de tarefa executada, bem como pela correlação entre essas duas variáveis. O tempo utilizado em sacada foi influenciado pelo tipo de tarefa executada, sendo maior na busca livre. Por fim, o tempo em fixação e em sacada na busca dirigida foram influenciados pela variável sexo, sendo que mulheres tendem a executar mais fixações que homens durante esta tarefa. Os dados resultantes deste trabalho sugerem a influência tanto da emoção quanto do tipo de tarefa e sexo do participante nos movimentos oculares executados por um observador. Sendo assim, como hipotetizado inicialmente, não apenas informações semânticas, mas também aspectos emocionais parecem envolvidos na execução de movimentos oculares diante de uma cena visual complexa. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTEye movements have been described as indicative of cognitive processes that occur at the same time its own existence. Thus, they can offer valuable insight into how the brain organizes the constant flood of information nearby. The objective of this study was to investigate possible relationships between eye movements during visual tracking of stimuli with emotional contents. So, the variables pupil size, fixation and saccade duration times and number of fixations and saccades were measured, aiming to assess the impact of the independent variables emotion, type of task and sex. The study consisted of a sample of 55 participants between 18 and 30 years, 52.9% men and 90.9% with incomplete higher education, organized into eight experimental groups according to the profile of emotional stimuli. The experimental task consisted on the presentation of a series of images of complex visual scenes, about four major themes (people, human actions, animals and environment), while participants watched them sometimes freely, sometimes under the task of judging their loads of valence and alert. The study results suggest that pupillary sizes were influenced by the variables emotion and type of task, as well as the correlation between these two variables. The time spent in saccades was influenced by the type of task, being higher in free search. Finally, fixation and saccade time in directed search were influenced by gender, whereas women tend to perform more fixations than men during directed search. The data resulting from this work suggest the influence of emotion, type of task and gender of participant in eye movements performed by a scene observation. As initially hypothesized, not only semantic information but also emotional aspects appear to be involved in the execution of eye movements in front of a complex visual scene

Learning from the pioneers: A Study on the Best Practices of the network TELAR

Rapid technological transformations have created immense pressure on governments, schools, and other educational institutions to integrate technology into education. But, little is known about what is needed for technology projects to be integrated successfully into Latin American schools. Learning from the Pioneers is an investigation into the best practices of the Red TELAR-iEARN that enables us to identify the key factors that helped certain schools to be successful despite the challenges of being in poor neighbourhoods and in areas far from the urban centers. The results include recommendations on the factors that should be considered in future educational technology projects. One conclusion is that teachers have a decisive role to play in bridging the digital divide.Rapid technological transformations have created immense pressure on governments, schools, and other educational institutions to integrate technology into education. But, little is known about what is needed for technology projects to be integrated successfully into Latin American schools. Learning from the Pioneers is an investigation into the best practices of the Red TELAR-iEARN that enables us to identify the key factors that helped certain schools to be successful despite the challenges of being in poor neighbourhoods and in areas far from the urban centers. The results include recommendations on the factors that should be considered in future educational technology projects. One conclusion is that teachers have a decisive role to play in bridging the digital divide

Effects of curing modes on depth of cure and microtensile bond strength of bulk fill composites to dentin

Objectives: To compare the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and depth of cure (DOC) of bulk-fill composites cured by monowave (MW) and polywave (PW) LED units using different curing times. Methodology: Three composites were tested: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TBF), Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), and Tetric EvoCeram (T; control). Flat dentin surfaces treated with adhesive (AdheSE Universal®, Ivoclar Vivadent) were bonded with 4 mm cylindrical samples of each bulk-fill composite material (n=6) and cured with monowave (Satelec) or polywave (Bluephase Style) curing units for 10 or 20 seconds. After 24 hours, teeth were sectioned into individual 0.9 mm2 beams and tested for µTBS. Failure modes were analysed. Moreover, the DOC scrape test (IOS 4090) was completed (n=5) following the same curing protocols. Two-way ANOVA (a=0.05) was performed, isolating light-curing units. Results: For samples cured with the MW light-curing unit, no significant effects were observed in the µTBS results between any of the resin composite brands and the curing times. Conversely, when resins were cured with a PW light unit, a significant effect was observed for TBF resin. In general, bulk-fill composites presented greater DOC and longer curing time resulted in higher DOC for all composites. Conclusion: The µTBS of the composites to dentin was not affected by the curing mode of the resins, except for TBF cured with PW light unit. Bulk-fill composites exhibit greater DOC than conventional resin-based composites

Natural resources with sweetener power: phytochemistry and antioxidant characterisation of Stevia Rebaudiana (Bert.), sensorial and centesimal analyses of lemon cake recipes with S. Rebaudiana incorporation

Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts are calorie-free sweeteners of natural origin, derived from the Stevia rebaudiana plant known as a natural sweetener, which contains steviol glycosides and others bioactive compounds recognized by their biological properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the total phenolics (26.0 mg gallic acid/g) and total flavonoids contents (9.7 mg catechin/g) of a hydroalcoholic extract of Stevia rebaudiana dried leaves. A similar hydroalcoholic extract of commercial powder steviol sweetener was also evaluated, showing lower contents of bioactive compounds (11.9 mg/g and 5.1 mg/g, for total phenolics and flavonoids, respectively). The hydroalcoholic extract of dried Stevia rebaudiana leaves also showed high in vitro antioxidant activity, besides a positive correlation between total phenolic compounds and the DPPH and FRAP assays. Moreover, Stevia rebaudiana leaves have sensory and functional properties superior to those of many other high-potency sweeteners and is likely to become a major source of natural sweetener for the growing food market. Thus, four different lemon cakes formulations were studied (a traditional cake control recipe with sugar, two cakes with incorporation of Stevia rebaudiana fresh leaf and a cake with commercial powder steviol), using a sensory analysis covering 100 untrained consumers. Centesimal composition analyses of the four lemon cakes showed significant differences in fat, ashes, proteins and carbohydrates contents (p<0.05). Also, the raised energy value observed for the cake control was superior to the cake with Stevia rebaudiana leaves incorporation (309.8 Kcal/100 g, 268.0 Kcal/100 g,142 respectively). Sensorial analysis results showed that Stevia rebaudiana leaves were accepted and, in the future, they can be a natural option to replace some or all the saccharose in cakes formulations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Natural resources with sweetener power: phytochemistry and antioxidant characterisation of Stevia Rebaudiana (Bert.), sensorial and centesimal analyses of lemon cake recipes with S. Rebaudiana incorporation.

Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts are calorie-free sweeteners of natural origin, derived from the Stevia rebaudiana plant known as a natural sweetener, which contains steviol glycosides and others bioactive compounds recognized by their biological properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the total phenolics (26.0 mg gallic acid/g) and total flavonoids contents (9.7 mg catechin/g) of a hydroalcoholic extract of Stevia rebaudiana dried leaves. A similar hydroalcoholic extract of commercial powder steviol sweetener was also evaluated, showing lower contents of bioactive compounds (11.9 mg/g and 5.1 mg/g, for total phenolics and flavonoids, respectively). The hydroalcoholic extract of dried Stevia rebaudiana leaves also showed high in vitro antioxidant activity, besides a positive correlation between total phenolic compounds and the DPPH and FRAP assays. Moreover, Stevia rebaudiana leaves have sensory and functional properties superior to those of many other high-potency sweeteners and is likely to become a major source of natural sweetener for the growing food market. Thus, four different lemon cakes formulations were studied (a traditional cake control recipe with sugar, two cakes with incorporation of Stevia rebaudiana fresh leaf and a cake with commercial powder steviol), using a sensory analysis covering 100 untrained consumers. Centesimal composition analyses of the four lemon cakes showed significant differences in fat, ashes, proteins and carbohydrates contents (p<0.05). Also, the raised energy value observed for the cake control was superior to the cake with Stevia rebaudiana leaves incorporation (309.8 Kcal/100 g, 268.0 Kcal/100 g,142 respectively). Sensorial analysis results showed that Stevia rebaudiana leaves were accepted and, in the future, they can be a natural option to replace some or all the saccharose in cakes formulations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Novos significados para velhas palavras

Inexistente.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ausência de prejuízo no reconhecimento de expressões faciais entre indivíduos com Parkinson

Entre os sintomas não motores da doença de Parkinson, dificuldades no reconhecimento de expressões faciais emocionais vêm sendo amplamente discutidas, pois as áreas cerebrais relacionadas a tal habilidade podem estar afetadas na doença. Este estudo investigou, em idosos, o reconhecimento das seis expressões emocionais faciais consideradas universais por meio do instrumento Teste de Percepção Emocional de Faces, em que participantes executam uma tarefa de reconhecimento de expressões emocionais faciais. Participaram 41 indivíduos com idade média de 64,9 anos, 27 homens e 14 mulheres. Não foi observada significativa dificuldade no reconhecimento de nenhuma das expressões emocionais por parte dos parkinsonianos. Tal resultado pode indicar a necessidade do desenvolvimento de instrumentos e técnicas mais adequadas para esse tipo de investigação na população brasileira.Among the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, impairment in the recognition of emotional facial expressions has been widely discussed, as the disease may affect brain areas related to this skill. The current study has investigated, among elderly people, the recognition of the six emotional face expressions considered universal using the instrument Test of Emotional Perception of Faces, where participants performed an emotional facial recognition task. Forty-one participants with an average age of 64.9 years were enrolled to this study, 27 men and 14 women. No significant impairment in the recognition of emotional face expression was observed among the parkinsonians. This result may indicate the need to develop more adequate tools and techniques able to investigate this issue in the Brazilian population

Ausência de Prejuízo no Reconhecimento de Expressões Faciais entre Indivíduos com Parkinson

Among the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, impairment in the recognition of emotional facialexpressions has been widely discussed, as the disease may affect brain areas related to this skill. The current study has investigated,among elderly people, the recognition of the six emotional face expressions considered universal using the instrument Test ofEmotional Perception of Faces, where participants performed an emotional facial recognition task. Forty-one participants withan average age of 64.9 years were enrolled to this study, 27 men and 14 women. No significant impairment in the recognition ofemotional face expression was observed among the parkinsonians. This result may indicate the need to develop more adequatetools and techniques able to investigate this issue in the Brazilian population.Entre os sintomas não motores da doença de Parkinson, dificuldades no reconhecimento de expressões faciaisemocionais vêm sendo amplamente discutidas, pois as áreas cerebrais relacionadas a tal habilidade podem estar afetadas nadoença. Este estudo investigou, em idosos, o reconhecimento das seis expressões emocionais faciais consideradas universais pormeio do instrumento Teste de Percepção Emocional de Faces, em que participantes executam uma tarefa de reconhecimento deexpressões emocionais faciais. Participaram 41 indivíduos com idade média de 64,9 anos, 27 homens e 14 mulheres. Não foiobservada significativa dificuldade no reconhecimento de nenhuma das expressões emocionais por parte dos parkinsonianos.Tal resultado pode indicar a necessidade do desenvolvimento de instrumentos e técnicas mais adequadas para esse tipo deinvestigação na população brasileira

Doxycycline release and antibacterial activity from PMMA/PEO electrospun fiber mats

Objective: To investigate the use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) electrospun fiber mats containing different amounts of polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a doxycycline delivery system and to test antibacterial activity against an oral pathogen. Methodology: PMMA powders or PEO (mol wt 200 Kd) (10,20,30% w/w/) were dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to obtain a final polymer concentration of 15% in DMF (w/v). 2% Doxycycline monohydrate was added to the solutions and submitted to vortex mixing. The solution was transferred to a plastic syringe and fit into a nanofiber electrospinning unit. The parameters applied were: voltage at 17.2 kV; distance of 20 cm between the needle tip and the collector plate; target speed at 2 m/min; and transverse speed at 1cm/min. Syringe pump speed was 0.15 mm/min. The drug release analysis was performed by removing aliquots of the drug-containing solution (in PBS) at specific periods. Doxycycline release was quantified using RP-HPLC. Fiber mats from all groups had their antibacterial action tested against &lt;i&gt;S. mutans&lt;/i&gt; based on inhibition halos formed around the specimens. The experiments were performed in triplicate. Gravimetric analysis at specific periods was performed to determine any polymer loss. Morphological characterization of the electrospun fibers was completed under an optical microscope followed by SEM analysis. Results: The addition of PEO to the PMMA fibers did not affect the appearance and diameter of fibers. However, increasing the %PEO caused higher doxycycline release in the first 24 h. Fibers containing 30% PEO showed statistically significant higher release when compared with the other groups. Doxycycline released from the fibers containing 20% or 30% of PEO showed effective against &lt;i&gt;S. mutans&lt;/i&gt;. Conclusion: The incorporation of PEO at 20% and 30% into PMMA fiber mat resulted in effective drug release systems, with detected antibacterial activity against &lt;i&gt;S. mutans&lt;/i&gt;

Effect of an additional hydrophilic versus hydrophobic coat on the quality of dentinal sealing provided by two-step etchand-rinse adhesives

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the quality of the dentinal sealing provided by two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives cannot be altered by the addition of an extra layer of the respective adhesive or the application of a more hydrophobic, non-solvated resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: full-crown preparations were acid-etched with phosphoric acid for 15 s and bonded with Adper Single Bond (3M ESPE), Excite DSC (Ivoclar/Vivadent) or Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply). The adhesives were used according to the manufacturers' instructions (control groups) or after application to dentin they were a) covered with an extra coat of each respective system or b) coated with a non-solvated bonding agent (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive, 3M ESPE). Fluid flow rate was measured before and after dentin surfaces were acid-etched and bonded with adhesives. RESULTS: None of the adhesives or experimental treatments was capable to block completely the fluid transudation across the treated dentin. Application of an extra coat of the adhesive did not reduce the fluid flow rate of adhesive-bonded dentin (p>0.05). Conversely, the application of a more hydrophobic non-solvated resin resulted in significant reductions in the fluid flow rate (p<0.05) for all tested adhesives. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of the dentinal sealing provided by etch-and-rinse adhesives can be significantly improved by the application of a more hydrophobic, non-solvated bonding agent