Bioconcentration of Cd and Ni in various tissues of two marine bivalves living in different habitats and exposed to heavily polluted seawater

Two marine bivalves, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Callista chione, were exposed to various concentrations of cadmium and nickel (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 20 ppm), for 20 days, plus 10 days’ depuration period, in a laboratory experiment. Animals from each experimental condition were dissected and the bioaccumulation and distribution of Cd and Ni were determined in their gills, mantles and remaining bodies. The concentrations of Fe and Zn were also measured. Heavy metal tolerance, bioconcentration and distribution of heavy metals in tissues were considerably different in M. galloprovincialis and C. chione: (i) both animals were tolerant to Ni pollution, even at the highest concentration used; (ii) C. chione was more tolerant to Cd; (iii) M. galloprovincialis was a better Cd and Ni accumulator, with the exception of the highest Cd concentration tested, where C. chione accumulated more Cd; (iv) Fe and Zn levels were much more affected in M. galloprovincialis; (v) in general, accumulation and distribution of Ni and Cd in the tissues were metal-, species- and time of exposure- dependent; (vi) significant amounts of heavy metals remained in the tissues after 10 days’ depuration. Our results support a hypothesis for a two competing processes mechanism for metal accumulation and detoxification

Experimental study of cadmium bioaccumulation in three Mediterranean marine bivalve species: correlation with selected biomarkers

An ecotoxicological study is presented, in which three marine bivalve species (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Callista chione, and Venus verrucosa) living in different habitats were studied for Cd bioaccumulation, under laboratory conditions. The bivalves, originating from a relatively polluted marine area of Greece (Saronicos Gulf), were exposed to 0.5 mg Cd L–1 seawater (4.4 mol Cd L–1 seawater) for 5, 10, 15, and 20 days. Control animals were kept in metal-free seawater as well. Three or four different parts of the organisms (gills, mantle, body, digestive system) were examined for the bioaccumulation of Cd, as well as the levels of three biomarkers (metallothioneins, acetylcholinesterase, lipid peroxidation). A depuration experiment was also carried out. During the experiment, the initial levels of Cd in the control animal tissues either decreased or remained constant and low. The organisms exhibited different behavior regarding Cd bioconcentration and biomarker responses as well as tissue distribution of Cd. After the depuration period, significant amounts of Cd remained in the organisms’ tissues, much higher than the respective levels in control animals

Smash products and Γ-spaces

In this paper we construct a symmetric monoidal smash product of Γ-spaces modelling the smash product of connective spectra. For the corresponding theory of ring-spectra, we refer the reader to [Sch].</jats:p

Simplicial Functors and Stable Homotopy Theory

this paper) are well known: They are the FSPs, which were introduced in 1985 by Bokstedt [B]. There are interesting constructions with FSPs, e.g., topological cyclic homology, which can be considerably simplified and conceptualized using the smash product of simplicial functors [LS]. Note however that it is not clear that an E1-FSP has a commutative model, although the analogous statement is true for S-modules and symmetric spectra. This has, e.g., the disadvantage, that it is not clear how to give a model category structure to (or even how to define) MU-algebras using simplicial functors (although this can be done for modules over any any FSP, and algebras over any commutative FSP, by similar methods as in [Sch]). Returning to examining the special features of simplicial functors, in constrast t

Homotopy limits of categories

AbstractWe show that the homotopy limit of a diagram of nerves of categories is again a nerve of a category. We use this to prove a confinality theorem for homotopy limits of nerves of categories