INK-SVD: LEARNING INCOHERENT DICTIONARIES FOR SPARSE REPRESENTATIONS

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Inflammatory status and cartilage regenerative potential of synovial fibroblasts from patients with osteoarthritis and chondropathy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the inflammatory status and the cartilage regenerative potential of pathological synovial fibroblasts from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) compared with non-inflamed synovium (NS)-derived cells from patients with chondropathy. METHODS: The inflammatory cell phenotype was investigated based on the constitutive and inducible surface expression and secretion of various effector molecules using flow cytometry or ELISA assays. The capacity of cells to produce cartilage-like extracellular matrix was assessed using acid Alcian blue staining and type II collagen immunostaining after treatment with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1). RESULTS: OA and NS fibroblasts consistently expressed CD29, CD44, CD49e, CD54, CD90 and CD106. Expression of high-affinity receptors for IL-4, IL-15, CXCL8 and CXCL12 was also detected but only intracellularly. All types of fibroblasts spontaneously released abundant amounts of CXCL12, CCL2, IL-6 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, while the production of IL-11, TGF-beta1, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and MMP-9 was detected at moderate levels. Several other secreted factors remained undetectable. No statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups of fibroblasts. Treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) up-regulated the same set of surface and secreted molecules, including CD54, CD106, membrane IL-15, CCL2 and CCL5. Under TGF-beta1 treatment and adipogenic culture conditions, both OA and NS fibroblasts displayed chondrogenic and adipocytic activities that were reduced in OA compared with NS cells. CONCLUSIONS: OA synovial fibroblasts did not display a distinct activated inflammatory phenotype compared with NS cells. However, they did differ in their reduced ability to produce cartilage-like matrix. This difference may be an additional important factor contributing to OA pathogenesis

Synergistic prostaglandin E synthesis by myeloid and endothelial cells promotes fetal hematopoietic stem cell expansion in vertebrates

During development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are produced from the hemogenic endothelium and will expand in a transient hematopoietic niche. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is essential during vertebrate development and HSC specification, but its precise source in the embryo remains elusive. Here, we show that in the zebrafish embryo, PGE2 synthesis genes are expressed by distinct stromal cell populations, myeloid (neutrophils, macrophages), and endothelial cells of the caudal hematopoietic tissue. Ablation of myeloid cells, which produce the PGE2 precursor prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), results in loss of HSCs in the caudal hematopoietic tissue, which could be rescued by exogeneous PGE2 or PGH2 supplementation. Endothelial cells contribute by expressing the PGH2 import transporter slco2b1 and ptges3, the enzyme converting PGH2 into PGE2. Of note, differential niche cell expression of PGE2 biosynthesis enzymes is also observed in the mouse fetal liver. Taken altogether, our data suggest that the triad composed of neutrophils, macrophages, and endothelial cells sequentially and synergistically contributes to blood stem cell expansion during vertebrate development

Heat flow, heat production and fission track data from the Hercynian basement around the Provençal Basin (Western Mediterranean)

International audienc

Corrigendum to “‘Bacteroides mediterraneensis’ sp. nov., a new human-associated bacterium isolated from ileum specimen”

International audienc

“Ihuprevotella massiliensis” gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human gut

We report here the main characteristics of “Ihuprevotella massiliensis” strain Marseille-P2826T (CSURP 2826) that was isolated from a human right colon lavage sample

‘Colidextribacter massiliensis’ gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human right colon

We report here the main characteristics of ‘Colidextribacter massiliensis’ strain Marseille-P3083T (CSURP3083), which was isolated from a human right colon lavage sample

‘Millionella massiliensis’ gen. nov., sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from human right colon

We report here the main characteristics of ‘Millionella massiliensis’ strain Marseille-P3215T (= CSUR P3215), which was isolated from a human right colon liquid sample