Manejo integrado do mofo cinzento, causado por Botrytis cinerea.

O patógeno e a doenças. Princípios de manejo do mofo cinzento: medidas sanitárias - controle do ambiente - uso de fungicidas - aplicação de substâncias em pré e pós-colheita - controle biológico - outros métodos em pós-colheita: uso de CO2 - controle da umidade no armazenamento e transporte - uso de radiação UV-C. Manejo integrado: uma necessidade.bitstream/item/205541/1/Morandi-manejo.pd

Intervalo e número de aplicações do acibenzolar-s-metil no manejo da mancha bacteriana em tomate para processamneto industrial.

Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito do intervalo entre aplicações (4, 7, 10 e 14 dias) e do número de aplicações (4,6, 8 e 10) do ASM na eficiência de controle da doença em campo e na produtividade final, bem como na relação beneficio/custo dos tratamentos.Suplemento. Edição dos resumos do 44º Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, 2011, Bento Gonçalves. Resumo 318

Sobrevivência de Bacillus thurigiensis, antagonista a Hemileia vastatrix, no filoplano de cafeeiros.

O isolado B157 de Bacillus thurigiensis foi eficiente no biocontrole da ferrugem do cafeeiro em casa-de-vegetação e em cultivos orgânicos no campo. Para definir estratégias de uso do biocontrole, estudaram-se a dinâmica de sobrevivência do isolado B157 no filoplano de cafeeiro e a influência de diferentes fungicidas a base de cobre na sobrevivência do isolado, em casa-de-vegetação e campo. Para verificar o efeito de fungicidas cúpricos na sobrevivência de B157, pulverizou-se hidróxido de cobre em mudas ou sulfato de cobre em cafeeiros, em casa de vegetação e campo. Após a avaliação da densidade populacional de B157, verificou-se que em ambas as condições experimentais, a aplicação de fungicida, independente da fonte de cobre utilizada, reduziu a população da bactéria ao longo do tempo e o período de sobrevivência de B157. Em casa de vegetação, na primeira semana, a população de B157 reduziu-se, em média, 10 e 52% nas parcelas sem e com fungicida, respectivamente. A pulverização dos fungicidas reduziu o tempo de sobrevivência da bactéria, em casa de vegetação e no campo. Para controle da ferrugem no campo, poder-se-iam adotar duas estratégias: (i) pulverizar apenas o isolado B157 ou (ii) aplicar o isolado nas primeiras pulverizações e fungicidas cúpricos, posteriormente

Chemical control of guava rust (Puccinia psidii) in the Northern Region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

Fungicides were evaluated under field conditions for their efficacy in the control of guava rust (Puccinia psidii); five systemic fungicides (azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, cyproconazole, tebuconazole, triadimenol) and the protectant mancozeb. In a first trial, the fungicides were applied at two-week intervals intercalated with bi-weekly sprays of copper oxychloride. The initial incidence of rust on flower buds before treatment was 47%. Triadimenol and azoxystrobin were most effective in reducing the incidence of rust on fruit. The minimum rust incidence achieved with triadimenol was 12% compared to 84% in the control treatment (water). The initial level of rust on flower buds was particularly high for the tebuconazole treatment, which may have contributed to the ineffective control by this fungicide in the first trial. In the second trial, copper oxychloride sprays were applied when disease incidence on flower buds was low (7%). Azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, triadimenol and mancozeb treatments were started nine days after a second application of copper oxychloride. The fungicides were then applied at bi-weekly intervals and at the same concentrations as in the first trial. Triadimenol was again most effective in controlling rust, although its effect did not greatly differ from that of tebuconazole. The maximum disease incidence in all fungicide treatments was significantly lower than that observed in the control treatment

Suppression of Botrytis cinerea sporulation by Clonostachys rosea on rose debris: a valuable component in Botrytis blight management in commercial greenhouses.

Botrytis blight, caused by Botrytis cinerea (Bc), is an important disease on roses grown in plastic greenhouses in Brazil. Biocontrol with Clonostachys rosea (Cr) applied to leaves and crop debris to reduce pathogen sporulation can complement other control measures for disease management. Two experiments, each with a rose cultivar, were conducted in a plastic greenhouse. For ?Red Success,? four treatments were compared: (1) control; (2) fortnightly sprays of Cr; (3) weekly sprays of mancozeb; and (4) weekly sprays of either Cr or mancozeb to the lower third of the plants and the debris. For ?Sonia,? treatment 4 was not included. Samples were taken from debris (leaves and petals) at ten 15-day intervals and plated on PCA medium. Sporulation of fungi and incidence of Botrytis blight on buds were assessed. For both cultivars, C treatments significantly (P=0.05) reduced Bc sporulation. However, disease incidence was not consistently reduced, probably because the applications of C. rosea started when Botrytis blight epidemic was advanced and no sanitation practices were performed on nontreated plots. From the present and previous studies, continuous application of Cr on debris, associated with sanitation practices, has the potential to reduce Bc sporulation and disease incidence in the buds

Etiology of bacterial leaf blight of eucalyptus in Brazil.

Bacterial leaf blight of eucalyptus is initially characterized by water soaked, angular, amphigenous and interveinal lesions, concentrated along the main vein, at the edges or scattered on the leaf blade. As the disease progresses, the lesions become brown to pale, and when young leaves are infected leaf cut areas at the edges or perforations at the center of the lesions may appear due to abortion of the necrotic area. Eventually, necrosis may be found on petiole and twigs. Leaf fall commonly occurs on highly susceptible genotypes due to the early senescence of diseased leaves. Precise diagnosis is accomplished by bacterial exudation from leaf sections placed in a water drop under light microscope (200 x). Twenty-five bacterial isolates from Amapá (2), Bahia (4), Minas Gerais (2), São Paulo (9), Pará (3), Mato Grosso do Sul (1), and Rio Grande do Sul (4) States, which induced hypersensitive reaction (HR) in non-host plants and were pathogenic to eucalyptus, when inoculated by inoculum injection, were identified by biochemical assays, using carbon sources (MicroLogTM BIOLOG) and sequence analysis (16S rDNA). Ten isolates were identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis, four as X. campestris, four as Pseudomonas syringae, two as P. putida, two as P. cichorii, one as Erwinia sp., and two were similar to bacterial genera of Rhizobiaceae. When spray inoculated on intact plants of eucalyptus, only X. axonopodis, P. cichorii and isolates of the Rhizobiaceae family induced typical symptoms of the disease and were considered pathogenic. In Brazil, X. axonopodis seems to be the most widespread species causing the bacterial leaf blight of Eucalyptus spp