Arte, escola e museu: análise de uma experiência em arte/educação no Museu Universitário de Arte - MUnA

Resumo A partir de uma perspectiva teórica e empírica, o artigo analisa uma experiência em arte/educação desenvolvida com estudantes da rede pública de ensino na cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, no Museu Universitário de Arte - MUnA. De abordagem qualitativa e de caráter descritivo e interpretativo, a pesquisa constatou que o contato com museu de arte possibilita ao estudante não apenas ampliar o seu conhecimento de mundo, mas enriquecer sua formação cultural e melhorar a sua capacidade de expressão, além de possibilitar aos estudantes uma melhor interação com o meio social em que vivem. O conhecimento em arte é um aprendizado que começa na observação de uma obra de arte, da sua leitura e da prática artística. As leituras e comportamentos que cada estudante tem ao apreciar uma obra de arte estão relacionados à sua experiência com diferentes manifestações artísticas. É indispensável que escolas, professores de arte e ações educativas em museus sejam importantes mediadores para a produção do conhecimento em arte aos estudantes. Construir esse conhecimento a partir do acesso constante a esses espaços artísticos e educacionais, além do desenvolvimento de atividades artísticas nesses espaços, possibilita ao estudante elevar a sua compreensão da cultura nacional. Verificamos, ainda, que os estudantes produziram trabalhos artísticos significativos durante a ação educativa no museu, o que contribuiu para que ampliassem sua experiência com a arte

Desafios emergentes para o ensino de artes: o II Congresso Internacional online entre arte, cultura e educação no contexto das reconexões da Abordagem Triangular

Establishes emerging challenges and possibilities for the teaching of arts, based on the perceptions of art teachers, from Brazil and abroad, through a questionnaire, answered by one thousand and nine participants of this II Congress. The congress and the analysis in question highlighted emerging challenges for the educational processes of knowledge production in the arts. Contributions that substantiate the Triangular Approach as a theory of interpretation and its reconnections for thinking and acting in the praxis of arts education.Establece desafíos emergentes y posibilidades para la enseñanza de las artes, a partir de las percepciones de los profesores de arte, de Brasil y del exterior, mediante de un cuestionario, respondido por mil nueve participantes de este II Congreso. El congreso y el análisis en cuestión destacaron los desafíos emergentes para los procesos educativos de producción de conocimiento en las artes. Aportes que fundamentan el Enfoque Triangular como teoría de la interpretación y sus reconexiones al pensar y actuar en la praxis de la educación artística.Estabelece desafios emergentes e possibilidades para o ensino de artes, a partir de percepções dos professores de artes, do Brasil e do exterior, por meio de um questionário, respondido por mil e nove participantes deste II Congresso. A realização do congresso e a análise em questão evidenciaram desafios emergentes para os processos educacionais de produção do conhecimento em artes. Contribuições que consubstanciam a Abordagem Triangular enquanto teoria de interpretação e suas reconexões para o pensar e o agir na práxis do ensino de artes

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

O ensino de arte na educação de jovens e adultos: uma análise a partir da experiência em Cuiabá (MT)

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, na qual buscamos compreender como acontecem as práticas pedagógicas no ensino de arte na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Como procedimento metodológico, o estudo fundamentou-se na pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e interpretativo. Concebendo a docência em uma concepção construtivista, baseada na proposta triangular para o ensino da arte, ressaltando o fazer, a leitura e a contextualização durante as aulas, observou-se como uma professora agiu como mediadora na construção do conhecimento em arte. Esse conhecer é importante, pois a educação é fundamentada na construção de conhecimento e tem na atividade humana, neste caso, a arte, a sua concretização. Embora alguns jovens e adultos tenham demonstrado conceitos de arte que necessitem ser ampliados, por meio do conhecimento das diferentes manifestações artísticas, notou-se como a professora procurou desenvolver nesses educandos a concepção de que arte é uma produção humana, ou seja, objeto de conhecimento que faz parte da vida desde os primórdios da humanidade. Além disso, procurou ensinar que aprender a ler e a compreender uma obra são ações que fazem dos alunos leitores competentes para produzirem interpretações significativas do mundo à sua volta. Portanto, as concepções e práticas produzidas pelos alunos acerca da arte são importantes, pois são construções de conhecimento baseados em suas experiências de vida

Desafios emergentes para o ensino de artes: o II Congresso Internacional online entre arte, cultura e educação no contexto das reconexões da Abordagem Triangular

Establishes emerging challenges and possibilities for the teaching of arts, based on the perceptions of art teachers, from Brazil and abroad, through a questionnaire, answered by one thousand and nine participants of this II Congress. The congress and the analysis in question highlighted emerging challenges for the educational processes of knowledge production in the arts. Contributions that substantiate the Triangular Approach as a theory of interpretation and its reconnections for thinking and acting in the praxis of arts education.Establece desafíos emergentes y posibilidades para la enseñanza de las artes, a partir de las percepciones de los profesores de arte, de Brasil y del exterior, mediante de un cuestionario, respondido por mil nueve participantes de este II Congreso. El congreso y el análisis en cuestión destacaron los desafíos emergentes para los procesos educativos de producción de conocimiento en las artes. Aportes que fundamentan el Enfoque Triangular como teoría de la interpretación y sus reconexiones al pensar y actuar en la praxis de la educación artística.Estabelece desafios emergentes e possibilidades para o ensino de artes, a partir de percepções dos professores de artes, do Brasil e do exterior, por meio de um questionário, respondido por mil e nove participantes deste II Congresso. A realização do congresso e a análise em questão evidenciaram desafios emergentes para os processos educacionais de produção do conhecimento em artes. Contribuições que consubstanciam a Abordagem Triangular enquanto teoria de interpretação e suas reconexões para o pensar e o agir na práxis do ensino de artes

Osteopontin is upregulated in human and murine acute schistosomiasis mansoni

Background Symptomatic acute schistosomiasis mansoni is a systemic hypersensitivity reaction against the migrating schistosomula and mature eggs after a primary infection. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of acute schistosomiasis are not fully elucidated. Osteopontin has been implicated in granulomatous reactions and in acute hepatic injury. Our aims were to evaluate if osteopontin plays a role in acute Schistosoma mansoni infection in both human and experimentally infected mice and if circulating OPN levels could be a novel biomarker of this infection. Methodology/Principal Findings Serum/plasma osteopontin levels were measured by ELISA in patients with acute (n = 28), hepatointestinal (n = 26), hepatosplenic (n = 39) schistosomiasis and in uninfected controls (n = 21). Liver osteopontin was assessed by immunohistochemistry in needle biopsies of 5 patients. Sera and hepatic osteopontin were quantified in the murine model of schistosomiasis mansoni during acute (7 and 8 weeks post infection, n = 10) and chronic (30 weeks post infection, n = 8) phase. Circulating osteopontin levels are increased in patients with acute schistosomiasis (p = 0.0001). The highest levels of OPN were observed during the peak of clinical symptoms (7-11 weeks post infection), returning to baseline level once the granulomas were modulated (&amp;gt;12 weeks post infection). The plasma levels in acute schistosomiasis were even higher than in hepatosplenic patients. The murine model mirrored the human disease. Macrophages were the major source of OPN in human and murine acute schistosomiasis, while the ductular reaction maintains OPN production in hepatosplenic disease. Soluble egg antigens from S. mansoni induced OPN expression in primary human kupffer cells. Conclusions/Significance S. mansoni egg antigens induce the production of OPN by macrophages in the necroticexudative granulomas characteristic of acute schistosomiasis mansoni. Circulating OPN levels are upregulated in human and murine acute schistosomiasis and could be a noninvasive biomarker of this form of disease

Does carbonate-associated sulphate record nutrition in lucinid and thyasirid bivalve shells from modern hydrocarbon seeps?

We test whether chemosymbiotic bivalves with sulphide-oxidizing bacteria record their nutritional strategy in the sulphur isotope composition of the carbonate-associated sulphate (CAS) in their shells, as a possible indicator of thiotrophic chemosymbiosis in the fossil record. The hypothesis rests on the possible incorporation of ³⁴S-depleted sulphate resulting from sulphide oxidation in sufficient quantity to affect the intrashell sulphate-sulphur isotope mass balance and hence the isotopic composition of sulphate, which is incorporated into carbonate with little or no fractionation. We analysed shell material of lucinid (Lucinoma asapheus) and thyasirid (Thyasira vulcolutre) bivalves from active mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cadiz. Our results show that the CAS-δ³⁴S values of the bivalve shells do not reflect the variety of sulphur sources present at hydrocarbon seeps, but instead only record seawater sulphate values. Low δ³⁴S values were, however, measured in the animals’ soft tissues and shell organic matter (SOM), both displaying a strong influence of the depleted sulphide used as nutrition by the chemosynthethic bacteria. Given its potential for long-term preservation, SOM may therefore represent a more promising record of chemosymbiosis in the fossil record, while CAS from seep bivalves can be used to reconstruct local seawater sulphate

Osteopontin Is Upregulated in Human and Murine Acute Schistosomiasis Mansoni

<div><p>Background</p><p>Symptomatic acute schistosomiasis mansoni is a systemic hypersensitivity reaction against the migrating schistosomula and mature eggs after a primary infection. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of acute schistosomiasis are not fully elucidated. Osteopontin has been implicated in granulomatous reactions and in acute hepatic injury. Our aims were to evaluate if osteopontin plays a role in acute <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection in both human and experimentally infected mice and if circulating OPN levels could be a novel biomarker of this infection.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>Serum/plasma osteopontin levels were measured by ELISA in patients with acute (n = 28), hepatointestinal (n = 26), hepatosplenic (n = 39) schistosomiasis and in uninfected controls (n = 21). Liver osteopontin was assessed by immunohistochemistry in needle biopsies of 5 patients. Sera and hepatic osteopontin were quantified in the murine model of schistosomiasis mansoni during acute (7 and 8 weeks post infection, n = 10) and chronic (30 weeks post infection, n = 8) phase. Circulating osteopontin levels are increased in patients with acute schistosomiasis (p = 0.0001). The highest levels of OPN were observed during the peak of clinical symptoms (7–11 weeks post infection), returning to baseline level once the granulomas were modulated (>12 weeks post infection). The plasma levels in acute schistosomiasis were even higher than in hepatosplenic patients. The murine model mirrored the human disease. Macrophages were the major source of OPN in human and murine acute schistosomiasis, while the ductular reaction maintains OPN production in hepatosplenic disease. Soluble egg antigens from <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> induced OPN expression in primary human kupffer cells.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p><i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> egg antigens induce the production of OPN by macrophages in the necrotic-exudative granulomas characteristic of acute schistosomiasis mansoni. Circulating OPN levels are upregulated in human and murine acute schistosomiasis and could be a non-invasive biomarker of this form of disease.</p></div