An Assessment of the Effects of Budget Interpretation on Budgetary Control: A Case Study of Uasin Gishu District Hospital

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of budget interpretation on budgetary control in Uasin Gishu District Hospital in Eldoret. The objectives of the study were: to determine budget interpretation methods used in the institution, to find out the effects of budget interpretation on budgetary control in the institution, to determine budget control measures used by the institution and to find out challenges the institution is facing in budget formulation. The study adopted a case study research design. The study incorporated the total population of 99 respondents. The study adopted census method to select a sample frame. Data for the study was obtained through the use of questionnaires and interviews. The data was analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics and presented in percentages and frequency tables. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher made the following recommendations in order to improve budgetary control: Allocate resources equitably to ensure departmental conflicts does not arise; The accounts officers should be competent in order to allocate resources equitably and Ensure that all the money spent are accounted for to ensure transparency in the school. The study suggested further research on the challenges facing budgetary control in organizations Keywords: Budget execution; Congressional action; budgetary interpretation and budget control

Reflective Teaching: It’s Benefits to the Contemporary Teacher

Teaching the recently introduced Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in Kenya, requires that teachers equip themselves with knowledge and instructional skills that are fit for the 21st century learner. The 21st century teaching competencies include effective classroom, institutional and professional leadership; mastery of and adherence to policies and practices that positively influence students’ learning; establishment of respectful environments for diverse populations of students, mastery of subject content; ability to facilitate learning through instructional planning, demonstration of acumen and versatility, display of awareness of technology to enhance learning and design of assessments (both formative and summative), that are in line with what was taught. (Nessipbayeva, 2012). Last but not least, it is the skill of constant reflection on their practice as teachers. With reflection, teachers analyze student learning by using data to provide ideas about what can done to improve learning. Reflective practice also helps them to link their professional growth to their professional goals; they adopt and implement recommended activities for professional learning and development. Moreover, reflective practice enables teachers to function effectively in complex and dynamic environments; they do this by constantly engaging in and using a variety of up-to-date research-verified and peer approved approaches to improve teaching and learning. (Nessipbayeva, 2012) Keywords: Reflective Practice, Personal Learning Network, Competency Based Curriculum DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-6-11 Publication date: February 28th 202