Avaliação da embebição e do desenvolvimento inicial das estruturas embrionárias de sementes de milho submetidas a diferentes potenciais hídricos

Substrates with water potentials between O and -12atm, were used to evaluate the behavior of corn seeds during the germination process. Water deficiency treatments were compared with the control (adequate available water) using seeds with and without fungicide treatment. The analysis and the interpretation of the results permitted to conclude that the absorption of water, the emergency and the initial development of the embryonic structures are interdependent and vary with the water deficit. For these cases the reduction of water potential promotes difficulties in the evolution of the processes. The presence of fungicide treatment may not influence quantitatively the processes occurring in the beginning of the germination.Empregando substratos com potenciais hídricos variáveis entre 0 e -12atm, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o comportamento das sementes de milho postas a germinar. As situações de deficiência hídrica foram diretamente comparadas à testemunha (plena disponibilidade de água), usando sementes com e sem tratamento fungicida. A análise e a interpretação dos resultados permitiram concluir que a absorção de água, a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial das estruturas embrionárias são interdependentes e reagem no mesmo sentido ao déficit hídrico; para esses casos, a redução do potencial hídrico promove dificuldades na evolução dos processos. Paralelamente, a presença de tratamento fungicida pode não influenciar, quantitativamente, os fenômenos envolvidos no início da germinação

Comportamento de linhagens e variedades de feijao (P. vulgaris L.) em relacao a Etiella zinckenella Treitschke, 1832.

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Protein Extraction For Proteome Analysis From Cacao Leaves And Meristems, Organs Infected By Moniliophthora Perniciosa, The Causal Agent Of The Witches' Broom Disease

Preparation of high-quality proteins from cacao vegetative organs is difficult due to very high endogenous levels of polysaccharides and polyphenols. In order to establish a routine procedure for the application of proteomic and biochemical analysis to cacao tissues, three new protocols were developed; one for apoplastic washing fluid (AWF) extraction, and two for protein extraction - under denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. The first described method allows a quick and easy collection of AWF - using infiltration-centfifugation procedure - that is representative of its composition in intact leaves according to the smaller symplastic contamination detected by the use of the hexose phosphate isomerase marker. Protein extraction under denaturing conditions for 2-DE was remarkably improved by the combination of chemically and physically modified processes including phenol, SDS dense buffer and sonication steps. 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Movimentos de mudança na formação em saúde: da medicina comunitária às diretrizes curriculares Changing movements in health higher education: from community medicine to the activators course

Este ensaio busca refletir as diversas iniciativas pró-mudança na formação superior em saúde implantadas no Brasil. Esta análise histórica faz-se necessária tendo em vista a importância da sistematização e difusão das experiências anteriores para o auxilio na construção das novas propostas pró-mudança. Estamos hoje refletindo sobre processos ativos de ensino-aprendizagem por termos vivenciado propostas como a da Medicina Comunitária, o Projeto de Integração Docente Assistencial, o Programa UNI, o movimento da Rede UNIDA, a Lei de Diretrizes Curriculares, Educação Permanente em Saúde e o Curso de Ativadores. Avançamos a partir da construção da tentativa anterior. Não é necessária a descoberta da roda a todo momento. Ela pode ser adaptada e voltar a girar. O olhar para as experiências do passado e para as necessidades do presente ajuda na construção do futuro almejado.<br>This paper aims to ponder over the various pro-change initiatives in health higher education in Brazil. A historical analysis is needed since prior experiences systematization and diffusion are important on attempting to build new pro-change proposals. Today we are pondering over active processes of teaching-learning because we have experienced proposals such as Community Medicine, the Professor Integrative Assistence Project, the PROUNI Program, the Rede UNIDA movement, the Curricular Guideline Law, Permanent Education in Health and the Activators' course. There is no need to discover the wheel all the time. It can be adapted and start to spin again. Taking a look into the past experiences and into the present needs helps in building a desirable future