Transient Lamb Wave Velocity Determination Using Holographic Mapping of Spatial Feautres of Propagating Waves

Measurement of surface displacements resulting from acoustic wave propagation in solids has been used extensively in determining elastic properties of materials [1],[2]. Additionally, examination of acoustic wave propagation in materials has been used as a nondestructive tool in testing the integrity of structures, evaluating the size and position of bulk material defects, determining material dimensions, and in general, characterizing a number of material or structural parameters [3]</p

Biliary sludge and cholecystitis

Biliary sludge develops commonly in critically ill patients and may be associated with biliary colic, acute pancreatitis or acute cholecystitis. Sludge often resolves upon resolution of the underlying pathogenetic factor. It is generally diagnosed on sonography. Treatment of sludge itself is unnecessary unless further complications develop. Acute acalculous cholecystitis also develops frequently in critically ill patients. It may be difficult to diagnose in these patients, manifesting only as unexplained fever, leukocytosis or sepsis. Sonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy are the most useful diagnostic tests. Management decisions should take into account the underlying co-morbid conditions. For many patients, percutaneous cholecystostomy may be the best management option. Cholecystostomy may also provide definitive drainage as patients recover and underlying critical illness resolves.link_to_subscribed_fulltex