New Material For Low-dose Brachytherapy Seeds: Xe-doped Amorphous Carbon Films With Post-growth Neutron Activated 125i

We report a novel material for use in 125I brachytherapy that consists of amorphous carbon films grown by ion-beam-assisted deposition and doped with Xe (5at%) by implantation. Samples of these films grown on Si substrates were irradiated with neutrons in a TRIGA-I nuclear reactor for the production 125Xe, and latter characterized by gamma spectroscopy. The results indicate that the 124Xe was efficiently converted into 125Xe, the precursor of 125I, and support the activity calculations for a model brachytherapy seed. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.691118121Abdukayumov, M.N., Abdulakhatov, P., Abdusalyamov, N.N., Tillaev, T.S., Rikhsiev, A.Z., Yakushev, V.P., Optimization of the process for preparing high-purity carrier-free Na125I (2004) Radiochemistry, 46, pp. 287-289Belonoshko, A.B., Ahuja, R., Johansson, B., Molecular dynamics study of melting and fcc-bcc transitions in Xe (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, p. 165505(2000), CDTN, Manual de Operação do Reator TRIGA IPR-R1 (MO/TRIGA IPR-R1)Crook, J., Fleshner, N., Roberts, C., Pond, G., Long-term urinary sequelae following (125) iodine prostate brachytherapy (2007) J. Urol., 179, pp. 141-145Cynn, H., Yoo, C.S., Baer, B., Iota-Herbei, V., McMahan, A., Nicol, M., Carlson, S., Martensitic fcc-to-hcp transformation observed in xenon at high pressure (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 4552Federmann, F., Bjorneholm, O., Beutler, A., Moller, T., Resonant X-ray absorption of neon clusters: the influence of cluster size on the character of core excited states (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, p. 1549Kakar, S., Bjorneholm, O., Weigelt, J., deCastro, A., Troger, L., Frahm, R., Moller, T., Size-dependent K-edge EXAFS study of the structure of free Ar clusters (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, p. 1675Knop, A., Wassermann, B., Ruhl, E., Site-specific excitation in free krypton clusters (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, p. 2302Krainyukova, N.V., Belan, V.G., Noble gas and metal clusters in carbon nanopores: from models to applications (2007) Eur. Phys. J. D, 43, pp. 169-172Lacerda, R.G., dos Santos, M.C., Tessler, L.R., Hammer, P., Alvarez, F., Marques, F.C., Pressure-induced physical changes of noble gases implanted in highly stressed amorphous carbon films (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 68, p. 054104Mélinon, P., Masenelli, B., Tournus, F., Perez, A., Playing with carbon and silicon at the nanoscale (2007) Nat. Mater., 6, pp. 479-490Neuville, S., Matthews, A., A perspective on the optimisation of hard carbon and related coatings for engineering applications (2007) Thin Solid Films, 515, pp. 6619-6653Parry, S.J., (2003) Handbook of neutron activation analysis, , Viridian PublishingPopov, C., Kulisch, W., Jelinek, M., Bock, A., Strnad, J., Nanocrystalline diamond/amorphous carbon composite films for applications in tribology, optics and biomedicine (2006) Thin Solid Films, 494, pp. 92-97Pritychenco, B., Herman, M.W., Mughabghab, S.F., Oblozinsky, P., Sonzogni, A.A., (2006), Nuclear reaction and structure databases of the national nuclear data centerRobertson, R., (1999), Method for making iodine-125 loaded substrates for use in radioactive sources. Patent CA2261444-A1Romanov, E.G., (2003), Research Center for Atomic Reactor. Chainsolver: A tool to calculate nuclear transmutations in a neutron fluxShultis, J., Faw, R., (2002) Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering, , Marcel DekkerSolberg, T., DeMarco, J., Hugo, G., Wallace, R., Dosimetric parameters of three new solid core I-125 brachytherapy sources (2002) J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys., 3, p. 2Woolsey, J., Miller, N., Theodorescu, D., Permanent interstitial brachytherapy for prostate cancer: a current review (2003) World J. Urol., 21, pp. 209-219Zhu, H., Venkataraman, R., Mueller, W., Lamontagne, J., Bronson, F., Morris, K., Berlizov, A., X-ray true coincidence summing correction in Genie 2000 (2009) Appl. Radiat. Isot., 67, pp. 696-70