In vitro activity of thiamphenicol against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates

Objective. To determine in vitro activity of thiamphenicol and other clinically available antimicrobials against clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Materials and Methods. We included in the study 875 clinical isolates from 20 Russian cities during 2018–2019. Among tested strains, 126 were H. influenzae, 389 – S. pneumoniae, 360 – S. pyogenes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution method according to ISO 20776-1:2006. AST results were interpreted according to EUCAST v.11.0 clinical breakpoints. Results. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of thiamphenicol did not exceed 2 mg/L for 94.4% of H. influenzae strains (MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.5 and 1 mg/L, respectively). Thiamphenicol was active against 76.9% of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains (MIC of thiamphenicol 0.06 mg/L) did not exceed 2 mg/L. A total of 88.1% of S. pneumoniae strains resistant to erythromycin were highly susceptible to thiamphenicol (MIC < 2 mg/L). The MIC of thiamphenicol did not exceed 8 mg/L for 96.1% of S. pyogenes strains (MIC50 and MIC90 were 2 and 4 mg/L, respectively). Conclusions. Thiamphenicol was characterized by relatively high in vitro activity, comparable to that of chloramphenicol, against tested strains of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, including S. pneumoniae isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin

Competing mechanisms for step meandering in unstable growth

The meander instability of a vicinal surface growing under step flow conditions is studied within a solid-on-solid model. In the absence of edge diffusion the selected meander wavelength agrees quantitatively with the continuum linear stability analysis of Bales and Zangwill [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 41}, 4400 (1990)]. In the presence of edge diffusion a local instability mechanism related to kink rounding barriers dominates, and the meander wavelength is set by one-dimensional nucleation. The long-time behavior of the meander amplitude differs in the two cases, and disagrees with the predictions of a nonlinear step evolution equation [O. Pierre-Louis et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 80}, 4221 (1998)]. The variation of the meander wavelength with the deposition flux and with the activation barriers for step adatom detachment and step crossing (the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier) is studied in detail. The interpretation of recent experiments on surfaces vicinal to Cu(100) [T. Maroutian et al., Phys. Rev. B {\bf 64}, 165401 (2001)] in the light of our results yields an estimate for the kink barrier at the close packed steps.Comment: 8 pages, 7 .eps figures. Final version. Some errors in chapter V correcte

Research of animal microflora at the imperial kazan university (Based on the materials of N.I. orlov)

© EM International. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the intestinal microflora is currently one of the tools for studying the physiological state of both human and animal organisms. Historically, the first observations in this area belong to the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. This article highlights the issues of determining the presence of paratyphoid microbes in the feces of dogs, made at the beginning of the XX century by the Kazan bacteriologist N.I. Orlov. Data on its methodological approaches to culture and identification of the studied group of bacteria are presented, which is of interest from the point of view of the history of development of microbiological and immunological methods

Influence of medicinal plant extracts on prevention of cattle postpartum complications

In increasing the efficiency of using the breeding stock of cattle, an important role is played by the comprehensive implementation of zootechnical and veterinary measures in farms, timely detection and treatment of obstetric and gynecological diseases, and preventive measures to prevent the development of such diseases [1, 2]. The consequences of the pathology of the birth and postpartum period in cows are such diseases as the placenta retention, endometritis, uterus subinvolution, and ovarian dysfunction, which, according to the literature data, are recorded in 30-90% of cows after pathological calving [9]. This article presents the results of determining the effect of extracts of such medicinal plants as Maral Root and Stinging Nettle in feeding recipient cows during the dry period to prevent postpartum complications in animals and reduce the recovery period of the reproductive system. It was found that on the 30th day, animals that received additional medicinal extracts in the diet showed an increase in the content of neutrophils and platelets in the blood and protein fractions of blood serum, which indicates an increase in the resistance of the animal's body. An increase in the bactericidal, lysozyme activity of the blood serum of recipient cows and the phagocytic activity of leukocytes also suggests an increase in the immune response from the animal's body in response to the penetration of foreign microflora inside the organism. Based on the results of the studies, it was recommended to add a two-component phytobiotic feed additive to the main diet based on extracts of medicinal plants Maral Root and Stinging Nettle at a dose of 50 g per head a day in the ratio of components: 100 kg of compound feed, 0.5 kg of Maral Root extract, 2.5 kg of Stinging Nettle extract

Recreational opportunities in tsarist russia. Opinion by n.f. vysotsky: Non-bacterial studies of the kazan bacteriologist

At the end of the XIX century in the Russian Empire, the resort business began to develop actively, especially in the Caucasus. This article is devoted to the contribution of the Kazan doctor and bacteriologist Professor Nikolai Fyodorovich Vysotsky to the formation of a new branch of medicine – sanatorium business. The article discusses N.F. Vysotsky's reports on the Caucasian mineral waters and the congress of balneologists. It is shown that N.F. Vysotsky was an outstanding specialist not only in the field of surgery, bacteriology, but also in spa treatment

Medical tourism in the context of national health systems` institutional characteristics

© 2020, ASERS Publishing. All rights reserved. Medical tourism (MT) is a modern type of medical services outside the state of residence. It links medicine and tourism. Moreover, its availability combined with economic feasibility is the main incentive for seeking medical care outside the place of residence and is an important issue for national health systems. A noticeable MT contribution to the country`s economy is possible if there is a well-thought-out infrastructure with introduction of certification procedure, a universal service and marketing system, an adequate response to the offer of additional tourism services and regulation of conditions for systematic cooperation with private intermediaries. However, the absence of interstate standards for this type of medical care leads to significant ethical, political, epidemiological and economic problems and makes it difficult to assess its professional quality. This necessitates the creation of a legal framework that takes into account the rights and responsibilities of both the medical services consumer and the host country

COVID-19 &amp; quarantine measures: A comparison between India &amp; Russia

© 2020, ACCB Publishing. The Governments of the different countries are taking a wide range of measures in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. For assessing the rigour of quarantine measures, the Blavatnik School of Government at the University of Oxford has launched the world`s first COVID-19 government response tracker-the Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracker-OxCGRT). This tool aims to track and compare policy responses of governments around the world, rigorously and consistently. According to the COVID-19 Government Response Stringency Index (GRSI) the strictest measures are in India (97.37 points) and less stringent ones are in the Russian Federation (63.89 points). The study compares restrictive measures in India and Russia, analyses their impact on the spread of COVID-19; and estimates mortality rates. Besides, the study also probes population coverage aimed at diagnosing through the use of testing methods and possible economic consequences of quarantine measures

Health problems related to isolation and possibilities of their religious and spiritual overcoming

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. Epidemics, natural disasters, serious illness and life misery are a serious test for human mental and physical well-being. Studies have shown significant benefits of religious or spiritual life for people’s health and welfare. There is evidence that religious and spiritually oriented patients are more stress resistant, tolerant of pain, less prone to depression, and more committed to on-going treatment and a healthy lifestyle. However, the number and quality of studies performed are limited. This is due to a frequent distinction lack between concepts of religiosity and spirituality (R/S), patients’ attitude heterogeneity, unexplored mechanisms of religious and spiritual influence on human health and insufficient research method standardisation. Very promising is introducing spiritually oriented techniques in the healthcare system. It is advisable to train outpatient medical personnel and clergymen in such technique intervention. More R/S impact research on human well-being and health is needed as it is the basis for this kind of practice further improvement

Legal regulation in digital medicine

© 2020, by ASERS® Publishing. All rights reserved. The civilized world has achieved enormous progress in digital medicine, which is becoming the basis for further healthcare development. In the near future this can significantly improve people`s life, increase budget efficiency in the sphere of health, improve health indicators and life expectancy of the next generation. In this situation, digital medicine does not fully guarantee exclusion of any data leakage risks. This means that the use of better technologies in health care will require stricter compliance with a complex network of existing laws and regulations, which vary depending on the country, jurisdiction and region (for example, the European Union).However, this global process implementation requires strong political will to protect citizens from confidential data misuse, to increase responsibility of manufacturers and consumers of digital equipment and technologies to their citizens and the state