A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ON TAILA MURCHANA

Taila kalpana has widely used dosage form described in Ayurvedic formulations for both external and internal use. Taila murchana is the first step of Taila preparation. Murchana has been adopted for enhancing the potency of oil and to remove the bad odour and Amadosa. In classics Tailas like Tilataila (sesame), Eranda (Castor) taila, Katu (Mustard) Taila needs Murchanaas preliminary process of Taila paaka. It has been mentioned in detail for the first time in Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Fat/Water soluble active principles of drugs are extracted into medicated oil in this method. Taila with Murchana are having more therapeutic potency and shelf life than crude Taila. The process of Murchana has high significance in today's scenario of globalization and the urge for better therapeutic efficacy. Hence the process of Murchana must be strictly included as the prerequisites of any medicated oil preparations. In this article an attempt has been done to review concepts regarding Taila murchana in literature of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics

State of the world’s plants and fungi 2020

Kew’s State of the World’s Plants and Fungi project provides assessments of our current knowledge of the diversity of plants and fungi on Earth, the global threats that they face, and the policies to safeguard them. Produced in conjunction with an international scientific symposium, Kew’s State of the World’s Plants and Fungi sets an important international standard from which we can annually track trends in the global status of plant and fungal diversity

The column-sufficiency and row-sufficiency of the linear transformation on Hilbert spaces

Linear complementarity problem, Jordan product, Lorentz cone, Column-sufficiency, Row-sufficiency,

Heat transfer in a side heated trapezoidal cavity with openings

A control volume based numerical study has been carried out on trapezoidal cavity which has formed by inclined left heated wall and insulated bottom horizontal walls. The calculations are performed for Rayleigh numbers varying from 103 to 107 and orientation of heated wall is ϕ=60° and 120°. The results are compared for cases without opening and with different openings of the vertical wall as functions of isotherms, streamfunctions, local and average heat transfer rates. The overall Nusselt number increases with increase of Rayleigh number, but decreases with increase in angle of orientation. The transition region between conduction to convection is existing almost at Ra = 5 × 103. It has been observed that the case having vents at extreme ends exhibits highest heat transfer compared to other cases. The heat transfer is better for the orientation angle of 60°. As compare to uniformly cooled wall, the heat transfer is enhanced by 23%, 39%, 56% and 74% at Ra = 104, 105, 106 and 107 respectively. The power law correlations have been developed between average Nusselt numbers and Rayleigh numbers. Keywords: Natural convection, Inclined trapezoidal cavity, Heat flux, Energy and building, Partially open cavit