Exact solution of linear hyperbolic four-equation system in axial liquid-pipe vibration

The so-called "FSI four-equation model" describes the axial vibration of liquid-filled pipes. Two equations for the liquid are coupled to two equations for the pipe, through terms proportional to the Poisson contraction ratio, and through mutual boundary conditions. Skalak (1955/1956ab) defined this basic model, which disregards friction and damping effects. The four equations can be solved with the method of characteristics (MOC). The standard approach is to cover the distance-time plane with equidistantly spaced grid-points and to time-march from a given initial state. This approach introduces error, because either numerical interpolations or wave speed adjustments are necessary. This paper presents a method of exact calculation in terms of a simple recursion. The method is valid for transient events only, because the calculation time grows exponentially with the duration of the event. The calculation time is proportional to the temporal and spatial resolution. The exact solutions are used to investigate the error due to numerical interpolations and wave speed adjustments, with emphasis on the latter

Reduced models for chaotic dynamics of a fluid-conveying pipe

A high-dimensional model for chaotic vibration of a cantilever conveying fluid having an end-mass is investigated. The nonlinear partial differential equation describing the oscillations of the pipe is converted into a finite set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODEs) using a Galerkin projection with the uniform cantilever-beam modes as basis. Depending on the parameter range of interest, it turns out that the order of the coupled set of ODEs is much larger (up to 18 degree-of-freedom) in order to obtain a convergent solution. In order to construct a bifurcation diagram with the non-dimensional flow velocity as unfolding parameter, a prohibitive amount of computational effort is necessary in a single-processor (serial) personal computer. To alleviate this computational limitation, such bifurcation diagrams for high-order chaotic system are constructed in parallel computer simulation using multi-threading (i.e. auto-parallelism). A significant computational gain is achieved in terms of time-saving through parallel-processing. The computational gain permits a reliable construction of bifurcation diagrams in the chaotic regime within a reasonable time frame. Subsequently, the efficacy of a reduced-order model based on proper orthogonal mode (POD) is contrasted with the high-dimensional model (with uniform cantilever-beam mode as basis). Numerical results demonstrate the merits and drawbacks of the POD-based bifurcation diagram, depending on the non-dimensional flow-velocity chosen to construct the POD. Copyrigh

Reduced models for chaotic dynamics of a fluid-conveying pipe

A high-dimensional model for chaotic vibration of a cantilever conveying fluid having an end-mass is investigated. The nonlinear partial differential equation describing the oscillations of the pipe is converted into a finite set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODEs) using a Galerkin projection with the uniform cantilever-beam modes as basis. Depending on the parameter range of interest, it turns out that the order of the coupled set of ODEs is much larger (up to 18 degree-of-freedom) in order to obtain a convergent solution. In order to construct a bifurcation diagram with the non-dimensional flow velocity as unfolding parameter, a prohibitive amount of computational effort is necessary in a single-processor (serial) personal computer. To alleviate this computational limitation, such bifurcation diagrams for high-order chaotic system are constructedin parallel computer simulation using multi-threading (i.e. auto-parallelism). A significant computational gain is achieved in terms of time-saving through parallel-processing. The computational gain permits a reliable construction of bifurcation diagrams in the chaotic regime within a reasonable time frame. Subsequently, the efficacy of a reduced-order model based on proper orthogonal mode (POD) is contrasted with the high-dimensional model (with uniform cantilever-beam mode as basis). Numerical results demonstrate the merits and drawbacks of the POD-based bifurcation diagram, depending on the nondimensional flow-velocity chosen to construct the POD. Copyrigh

A cantilever conveying fluid: Coherent modes versus beam modes

A semianalytical approach to obtain the proper orthogonal modes (POMs) is described for the non-linear oscillation of a cantilevered pipe conveying fluid. Theoretically, while the spatial coherent structures arc the cigenfunctions of the time-averaged spatial autocorrelation functions, it emerges that once the Galerkin projection of the proper orthogonal modes is carried out using the uniform cantilever-beam modes, the spatial dependency of the integral eigenvalue problem can be eliminated by analytical manipulation which avoids any spatial discretization error. As the solution of the integral equation is obtained semi-analytically by linearly projecting the proper orthogonal modes on the cantilever-beam modes, any linear or non-linear operation can be carried out analytically on the proper orthogonal modes. Futhermore, the reduced-order eigenvalue problem minimizes the numerical pollution which leads to spurious eigenvectors, as may arise in the case of a large-scale eigenvalue problem (without the Galerkin projection of the eigenvectors on the cantilever-beam modes). This methodology can conveniently be used to study the convergence of the numerically calculated proper orthogonal modes obtained from the full-scale eigenvalue problem

A cantilever conveying fluid: Coherent modes versus beam modes

A semi-analytical approach to obtain the proper orthogonal modes is described for the non-linear oscillation of a cantilevered pipe conveying fluid. Theoretically, while the spatial coherent structures are the eigenfunctions of the time-averaged spatial autocorrelation functions, it emerges that once the Galerkin projection of the proper orthogonal modes is carried out using the uniform cantilever-beam modes, the spatial dependency of the integral eigenvalue problem can be eliminated by analytical manipulation which avoids any spatial discretization error. As the solution of the integral equation is obtained semi-analytically by linearly projecting the proper orthogonal modes on the cantilever-beam modes, any linear or non-linear operation can be carried out analytically on the proper orthogonal modes. Furthermore, the reduced-order eigenvalue problem minimizes the numerical pollution which leads to spurious eigenvectors, as may arise in the case of a large-scale eigenvalue problem (without the Galerkin projection of the eigenvectors on the cantilever-beam modes). This methodology can conveniently be used to study the convergence of the numerically calculated proper orthogonal modes obtained from the full-scale eigenvalue problem