Utilization of Agro-Residual Ligno-Cellulosic Substances by Using Solid State Fermentation: A Review

Agro-residual wastes contain many usable substrates of high value such as carbohydrates and fi bers. Direct disposal of these wastes as burning or landfill will cause serious environmental problems. Thus, designing new methods for exploitation and treatment of these wastes to produce useful products with great economic advantages are substantial. Solid state fermentation (SSF) has become an attractive method in recent years due to its features of using these wastes directly as raw materials or substrates. Thus, SSF is considered as an environmentally-friendly technique for waste treatment. This paper reviews the exploitation of the agro-residual wastes through SSF technology