The values of indices of non-specific resistance and cytokine regulation for early diagnosis of secondary peritonitis

The aim of the work is to study the changes in indices of non-specific resistance and cytokine regulation, relevant for the early diagnosis of secondary peritonitis. During the period 2016-2022, in the Surgery Department of the Communal Non-Profit Enterprise “Regional Clinical Hospital, Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council” there were treated 192 patients with postoperative peritonitis. Of them, in 69 (35.9%) patients the changes in indices of non-specific resistance and cytokine regulation were studied. These studies were performed in the laboratory of the Department of Biological and Medical Chemistry of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. The content of CD3+-lymphocytes in the blood of patients with secondary peritonitis on admission to the hospital was 35.49±3.39%, which is 1.8-fold less than in the comparison group (p<0.002), with their subsequent drop up to 31.00±2.88% (p<0.002) during the third day of the disease. When determining CD4+-lymphocytes during the first day of observation, their indices were 21.49±3.11%, by 56% less than in the comparison group (p<0.002). During the third day of the disease, we observed a slight increase in this index – up to 23.90±3.26% (p<0.01). The study of the level of CD8+-lymphocytes showed that, on admission to the hospital, their level in blood serum was 13.92±1.05%, which is 1.6-fold lower than in patients of the comparison group (p<0.002). Their decrease was observed further, and during the third day this index was 8.08±2.28% (p<0.002). The content of CD11a+-cells on hospitalization was 11.32±0.54%, which is more than 6-fold less than in the comparison group (p<0.002). The content of CD162+-cells in the blood on hospitalization was 21.49±3.11%, which is 3.1-fold less than in the comparison group (p<0.002). The content of CD16+-cells in the blood on hospitalization was 10.83±0.87% (p<0.002). A significant increase in the content of IL in the blood serum at the initial stage of secondary peritonitis with subsequent pathological changes are contributing factors in the disorder of the body’s immune response. The content of IL-6 on admission was 759.72±28.06%, which is almost 3.4-fold higher than the indices in the comparison group (p<0.002). After surgery, this index gradually decreased and during the seventh day was 438.63±19.84% (p<0.002). The results obtained on such indices of non-specific resistance and cytokine regulation as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD11a, CD162, CD95, CD16, HLA-DR+, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 showed their significant differences between the subgroups studied (p<0.002), indicating their high sensitivity for diagnosing and predicting the development of secondary peritonitis

THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF CANNABIDIOL: THE MOST IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS ON THE WAY TO A NEW ERA

Background. Cannabidiol (CBD), found in Cannabis sativa (hemp), is a non-psychoactive phytochemical substance that has gained considerable popularity over the past decade. Cannabidiol is the main phytocannabinoid, its share in the plant extract can reach 40%. Cannabidiol does not have any of the psychoactive properties that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and has a significant advantage for clinical use. Studies of cannabidiol involve studies of cognitive, anxiety and movement disorders, and chronic pain, but there is a lack of high-quality evidence that cannabidiol is effective for these conditions, such as safety and precise dose ranges for each disorder. Aim: to analyze the main achievements in the development of experimental and clinical use of cannabidiol. Materials and methods. We conducted a search for scientific studies related to the therapeutic use of cannabidiol. The included studies were selected based on a search of the online databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar for documents related to the history of research and use of cannabidiol (cannabis, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, endocannabinoid system, cannabinoid receptors were used as keywords). The search was carried out by two independent authors and 158 sources were selected for analysis, of which 61 were used that met the search criteria. Results. Based on the analysis of experimental and clinical studies, it was established that cannabidiol has various properties, including antiapoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipsychotic and neuroprotective. In addition, basic and clinical studies of the effects of cannabidiol have been conducted in the context of many other health conditions, including its potential use in epilepsy, depression, neurodystrophic diseases, schizophrenia, and social phobia. Conclusion. Therefore, cannabidiol is a non-psychoactive phytochemical compound that can help patients with a different clinical condition. Despite the achievements, further studies are needed to determine the administration regimen and dose, likely side effects with long-term use, particularly in clinical settings

Model of decision support subsystem the adoption of solutions for the management of transport movement on regulating crossroads bazed on fuzzy logic

Запропоновано модель підсистеми підтримки прийняття рішень з управління рухом транспорту на регульованих перехрестях на базі апарату нечіткої логіки, яка дозволяє проводити аналіз поточних параметрів транспортних потоків спираючись на інформаційні дані з детекторів транспорту та змінювати параметри світлофорного циклу, враховуючи динаміку зміни параметрів транспортних потоків. На основі розробленої моделі реалізовано програмний комплекс підсистеми, що здійснює візуалізацію результатів дослідження та керування функціонуванням.Предложена модель подсистемы поддержки принятия решений по управлению движением транспорта на регулируемых перекрестках на базе аппарата нечеткой логики, позволяющая проводить анализ текущих параметров транспортных потоков, опираясь на информационные данные с детекторов транспорта и изменять параметры светофорного цикла, учитывая динамику изменения параметров транспортных потоков. На основе разработанной модели реализовано программный комплекс системы, осуществляющий визуализацию результатов исследования и управления функционированием.The model subsystem support management decisions traffic at traffic lights based on fuzzy logic, which allows to analyze the current parameters of traffic flow based on the information data from detectors transport and modify the traffic light cycle, given the dynamics of traffic flow parameters. Based on the developed model is implemented complex software system that provides visualization of the study and control operation