A turbulent bed contactor: energetic efficiency for particle collection

Particle collection experiments were conducted in a fluidizing irrigated bed to evaluate the performance of mobile packings: 38 x 50 mm plain oblate spheroids 38 mm ID plain spheres and alternative perforated spheres with a 38 mm ID and 10% and 25% free areas were used as fluidizing media in a 0.264 m diameter and 1.20 m high turbulent bed contactor (TBC). Particle collection experiments were carried out above the minimum fluidization velocity, using as particulate test powder polysized alumina (size 1.5 to 5.5 mm). Experimental results demonstrated that the perforated spheres performed better in collecting particles than the other packings tested. The efficiency of particle collection was analysed based on energy consumption in the TBC, using the energetic efficiency concept. It was verified that not much more energy was consumed per unit of gas flow in fluidized beds of perforated packings than in those of conventional plain sphere packings, since the perforated spheres were more energetically efficient for particle collection than plain spheres and oblate spheroid packings

Release Of Calcium Benzoate From Films Of Sodium Alginate Crosslinked With Calcium Ions [liberação De Benzoato De Cálcio De Filmes De Alginato De Sódio Reticulados Com Íons Cálcio]

Alginate-based biofilms were reticulated with Ca++ supplied by two sources, calcium chloride and benzoate, and using glycerol as plasticizer. The strong gelling power of the Ca++ ions hindered smooth casting procedures, so that films with low degree of reticulation were initially manufactured (1st stage). These films were further crosslinked with an excess of Ca++ by immersion in a solution of 3 to 7% of CaCl 2.2H2O (2nd stage). The release of sorbate was evaluated considering different active agent concentrations in the film and two levels of alginate crosslinking. The mechanism involved in the diffusional process was investigated using the Power Law Model. The results indicated that potassium sorbate diffusion in alginate films has characteristics of Fickian and non-Fickian behavior. Effective diffusion coefficients obtained using the solution in series derived from Fick's Second Law are close to values obtained with the short-time solution, with effective diffusivities varying from 3 to 5 × 10-7 cm2/s. The diffusivity values decreased with the degree of reticulation and increase with benzoate concentration in the film.213175181Scott, G., (2000) Polym. Degrad. Stab., 68, p. 1Buonocore, G.G., Conte, A., Corbo, M.R., Sinigaglia, M., Del Nobile, M.A., (2005) Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 6, p. 459Cherian, G., Gennadios, A., Weller, C., Chinachoti, P., (1995) Cereal Chemist., 72, p. 1Han, J.H., (2000) Food Technol., 54, p. 56Quattara, B., Simard, R., Piette, G., Begin, A., Holley, R., (2000) J. Food Sci., 65, p. 768Coma, V., Sebti, I., Pichavant, F., Pardon, P., Deschamps, A., (2001) J. Food Protec., 64, p. 470King, A., Brown, H., (1983) Food Hydrocoll., 2, p. 115Moe, S.T., Draget, K.I., Skjak-Braek, G., Smidsrød, O., Alginates (1995) Food Polysaccharides and Their Applications, , A. M. Stephen (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New YorkIkeda, A., Takemura, A., Ono, H., (2000) Carbohyd. Polym., 42, p. 421Grant, G.T., Morris, E.R., Rees, D.A., Smith, P.J.C., Thom, D., (1973) Febs Lett., 32, p. 195King, A., Brown, H., (1983) Food Hydrocoll., 2, p. 115Mancini, M., Moresi, M., Rancini, R., (1999) J. Food Eng., 39, p. 369Turbiani, F.R.B., (2007) Desenvolvimento e Caracterização de Filmes Ativos de Alginato de Sódio Reticulados com Benzoato de Cálcio, , Dissertação em Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CampinasRhim, J.W., Gennadios, A., Weller, C.L., Hanna, M.A., (2002) Indust. Crops Prod., 15, p. 199Gontard, N., Guilbert, S., Cuq, J.L., (1993) J. Food Sci., 58, p. 206Bigi, A., Panzavolta, S., Rubini, K., (2004) Biomaterials, 25, p. 5675(1995) D 82: Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting, , ASTM International, Philadelpia(1995) E 96: Standard Test Methods of Water Vapor Transmission of Materials, , ASTM International, PhiladelphiaCrank, J., (1975) The Mathematics of Diffusion, , 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, OxfordOzdemir, M., Floros, J.D., Analysis and modeling of potassium sorbate diffusion through edible whey protein films (2001) Journal of Food Engineering, 47 (2), pp. 149-155. , DOI 10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00113-8Zactiti, E.M., Kieckbusch, T.G., (2006) J. Food Eng., 77, p. 462Pavlath, A.E., Grossett, C., Camirand, W., Robertson, G.H., (1999) J. Food Sci., 64, p. 61Rajsharad, C., Kamble, S., (2008) Aqueous Film Coating Containing Sodium Alginate and Preparation Thereof, , Patent - IPC8 Class:AA61K4736FI, USPC Class: 514779-12Kim, K.W., Ko, C.J., Park, H.J., (2002) J. Food Sci., 67, p. 218Rhim, J.W., (2004) Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 37, p. 323Al-Musa, S., Abu Fara, D., Badwan, A.A., (1999) J. Control. Release, 57, p. 223Zactiti, E.M., Kieckbusch, T.G., (2009) Packag. Technol. Sci., 22, p. 349Smidsrød, O., (1974) Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 57, p. 263Resmuñan-López, C., Bodmeier, R., (1997) J. Controll. Release, 44, p. 215Krochta, J.M., Mulder-Johnston, C.D., (1997) Food Technol., 51, p. 61Carvalho, R.A., Grosso, C.R.F., (2006) J. Chem. Eng., 23, p. 45Batista, J.A., Tanada-Palmu, P.S., Grosso, C.R.F., (2005) Cien. Tecnol. Aliment., 25, p. 781Han, J.H., Floros, J.D., (1998) J. Food Sci., 63, p. 435Flores, S., Conte, A., Campos, C., Gerschenson, L., Del Nobile, M., (2007) J. Food Eng., 81, p. 580Bodea, A., Leucuta, S.E., (1997) Inter. J. Pharm., 153, p. 24

Modelling Of The Process Of Adsorption Of Nickel In Bentonite Clay

The bentonite clays have presented good adsorptive characteristics, being used as adsorbent alternative in the removal of heavy metals. This study aimed at studying the process of removal of nickel by Bofe calcined clay in porous bed. A study was conducted to select the operating flow rate, based on the smallest mass transfer zone (MTZ), on useful (qu) and total adsorbed (q T) removal quantities and on the percentage of total nickel removal (% Rem). The results were adjusted to the model corresponding to the Logistic function available in the Origin 6.1 software, with an excellent experimental model adsorption adjustment to date. The modelling allowed the selection of a function that describes the behavior of nickel adsorption in Bofe clay considering the experimental data of the rupture curves. The chemical composition of the calcined clay was characterized by EDX, N2 Fisisorption and He picnometry. Copyright © 2009, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.17421426Bhattacharyya, K.G., Gupta, S.S., Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: A review (2008) Adv. Colloid Interface Sci, 140 (2), pp. 114-131Chen, W.J., Hsiao, L.C., Chen, K.K.Y., Metal desorption from copper(II)/nickel(II)-spiked kaolin as a soil component using plant-derived saponin biosurfactant (2008) Process Biochem, 43 (5), pp. 488-498Geankoplis, C.J., (1993) Transport Process and Unit Operatons, , 3 a ed, PTR Pretice Hall, USANovakovic, T., Rozic, L., Petrovic, S., Rosic, A., Synthesis and characterization of acid-activated Serbian smectite clays obtained by statistically designed experiments (2008) Chem. Eng. J, 137 (2), pp. 436-442Ouhadi, V.R., Yong, R.N., Sedighi, M., Desorption response and degradation of buffering capability of bentonite, subjected to heavy metal contaminants (2006) Eng. Geology, 85 (1-2), pp. 102-110Stathi, P., Litina, K., Gournis, D., Giannopoulos, T.S., Deligiannakis, Y., Physicochemical study of novel organoclays as heavy metal ion adsorbents for environmental remediation (2007) J. of Colloid and Interface Sci, 316 (2), pp. 298-309Volesky, B., Weber, J., Park, J.M., Continuous-flow metal biosorption in a regenerable Sargassum column (2003) Water Research, pp. 297-30

Biosorption Of Chromium(vi) Using A Sargassum Sp. Packed-bed Column

Chromium(VI) is present in several industrial wastewaters and it can cause health and environmental hazards above certain concentrations. Equilibrium studies have shown the feasibility of using Sargassum sp. algae for chromium removal from aqueous solutions by biosorption. However, for the design and operation of chromium biosorption processes, dynamic flow studies are required. The objective of the study was to examine chromium(VI) removal from an aqueous solution using a packed-bed column with Sargassum sp. algae as a biosorbent. The dynamic behavior of the biosorption column was investigated through experiments and the influence of operating conditions, such as initial chromium concentration, flow rate and amount of biosorbent, on the column removal capacity have been analyzed using the factorial design methodology. The capacity of removal obtained at optimum conditions was 19.06 mg of metal/g biosorbent. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.99830943099Boney, A.D., (1966) A Biology of Marine Algae, , Hutchinson Educational Ltd., New York p. 216Cossich, E.S., Tavares, C.R.G., Ravagnani, T.M.K., Biosorption of chromium(III) by Sargassum sp. biomass (2002) Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 5 (2), pp. 133-140Davis, T.A., Volesky, B., Mucci, A., A review of the biochemistry of heavy metal biosorption by brown algae (2003) Water Research, 37, pp. 4311-4330Kartal, S.N., Imamura, Y., Removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-treated wood onto chitin and chitosan (2005) Bioresource Technology, 96, pp. 389-392Kratochvil, D., Pimentel, P., Volesky, B., Removal of trivalent and hexavalent chromium by seaweed biosorbent (1998) Environmental Science and Technology, 32, pp. 2693-2698Lalvani, S.B., Wiltowski, T., Hubner, A., Weston, A., Mandich, N., Removal of hexavalent chromium and metal cations by a selective and novel carbon adsorbent (1998) Carbon, 36, pp. 1219-1226Melo, J.S., D'Souza, S.F., Removal of chromium by mucilaginous seeds of Ocimum basilicum (2004) Bioresource Technology, 92, pp. 151-155Nasernejad, B., Zadeh, T.E., Pour, B.B., Bygi, M.E., Zamani, A., Comparison for biosorption modeling of heavy metals (Cr(III), Cu(II), Zn(II)) adsorption from wastewater by carrot residues (2005) Process Biochemistry, 40, pp. 1319-1322Romero-González, J., Peralta-Videa, J.R., Rodríguez, E., Ramirez, S.L., Gardea-Torresdey, J.L., Determination of thermodynamic parameters of Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution onto Agave lechuguilla biomass (2005) Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 37, pp. 347-351Volesky, B., Detoxification of metal-bearing effluents: biosorption for the next century (2001) Hydrometallurgy, 59, pp. 203-216Volesky, B., Weber, J., Park, J.M., Continuous-flow metal biosorption in a regenerable Sargassum column (2003) Water Research., 37, pp. 297-30

High Molecular Weight Sericin Obtained by High Temperature and Ultrafiltration Process

AbstractSericin is a water-soluble protein derived from silkworm Bombyx mori, represents about 30% of the cocoon weight and consists of 18 kinds of amino acids, with strong polar side groups, especially acid aspartic and serine. These contribute for many physical and biological properties like: antioxidant activities; suppress of lipid oxidation and inhibit of tyrosinase activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate different extraction process and recovering the high molecular sericin with Ultrafiltration process. Sericin was extracted from Bombyx mori cocoons, at different temperatures and different cocoons concentrations. Sericin solution was treated by ultrafiltration process with polysulfone membrane of 50 kDa, feed flow of 1.0 and 2.0 L min-1, concentration in sericin solution of 0.1g L-1 and1.0g L-1, at different transmembrane pressure. The temperature showed strong influence in the degumming process by hot water while the cocoon concentration did not have statistically significant influence in the extraction. The highest values extraction, 22.5 ± 0.4% and 24.5 ± 0.4%, were obtained at 120 ¼C and 127 ¼C, respectively, with molecular weight distribution between 200 kDa and 100 kDa, while the extraction with Na2CO3 showed extraction yield of 30.1 ± 0.9%, but molecular weight lower than 50 kDa. In ultrafiltration process, the sericin concentration has significant influence; while the feed flow did not have significant influence in permeate flux. High transmembrane pressure increased the resistance of permeability, reducing the permeate flux. The maximum value of permeate flux for sericin solution of 0.1g L-1 was 104.6 ± 9.7kg m-2 h-1 obtained with transmembrane pressure of 0.15MPa, while for the sericin solution of 1.0g L-1 the permeate flux was statistically equal for 0.05MPa, 0.07MPa and 0.09MPa. The permeate solution showed molecular distribution lower than 50 kDa, while the retentate solution showed the molecular weight distribution about 200 kDa

Performance of organoclay in adsorptive uptake of antihypertensive losartan potassium: A comparative batch study using micro-grain activated carbon

The antihypertensive losartan potassium is an emerging pharmaceutical contaminant that has been traced in aquatic media; hence, up-to-date water treatment methods are urged. This paper is the first of its kind to examine losartan uptake by adsorption using an organophilic clay, Spectrogel. In comparison, a micro-grain activated carbon (μGAC) was employed. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were examined and characterizations were performed. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, external diffusion, surface diffusion and pore diffusion models were adjusted to kinetic data, and Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were correlated to isotherms. Adsorption mechanisms were elucidated for surface features and surface chemistry. The latter was unraveled to have a crucial role on losartan removal by Spectrogel. The best adsorbent dosage was stablished as 6 g/L and initial solution pH (2.5-10) had no significant impact on the process. Spectrogel exhibited faster kinetics and superior maximum adsorption capacity (~2200 min, 0.0820 mmol/g) than μGAC (~2600 min, 0.0441 mmol/g). Compared to water or ethanol eluents, methanol showed the highest efficiency as desorption agent (65%). The results indicate that Spectrogel organoclay is a potential non-traditional adsorbent for losartan remediationCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP406193/2018-588882.329686/2018-012016/05007-

Continuous-flow Copper Adsorption In Regenerable Calcined Clay Columns

Adsorption is currently recognized as an efficient and economical process for the treatment of toxic metals from wastewater. This process provides flexibility in the design and operation of treatment systems and in many cases generates a high-quality treated effluent. Furthermore, due to the reversibility of the adsorption adsorbents are sometimes regenerated by desorption suitable. Among the adsorbent materials, clays are characterized by their wide availability and low cost, which aggregates the potential they represent, especially when modified, resulting in scientific and industrial interest. Bentonite or smectite clays are widely used in industry, where applications are associated with their characteristic adsorbent and these properties can be improved by thermal and chemical treatments. Copper sorption behavior of calcined Bofe clay in consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles has been investigated in a packed-bed flow-through column during a continuous removal of copper from a 1.57 mmol/L aqueous solution at pH 5. The eluent used was HCl 0.1 mol/L. The adsorption and desorption were carried out for an average of 15 and 4 h, respectively, representing more than 2 days of continuous use of the adsorbent. The weight loss of mass after this time was 0.6 %. The Cu-sorption capacity of the calcined clay, based on the initial dry weight, was approximately 0.11 mmol/g. Sorption performance was indicated by shortening breakthrough time and a broadening mass-transfer zone. The column useful time, considered up to 1 mg Cu/L in the effluent, keeping aproximately in 100 min for all cycles. The mass-transfer zone, decreased almost linearly from 10 to 9 cm. Regeneration with HCl provided elution efficiencies up to 100%. Copyright © 2013, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.3220232028De Almeida Neto, A.F., Vieira, M.G.A., Da Silva, M.G.C., Cu(ll) adsorption on modified bentonitic clays: Different isotherm behaviors in static and dynamic systems (2012) Materials Research, 15, pp. 114-124. , DOI: 10.1590/S1516-14392011005000089Geankoplis, C.J., (1993) Transport Process and Unit Operatons, , PTR Pretice Hall, New York, USAKimura, S.P.R., De Almeida Neto, A.F., Da Silva, M.G.C., Anthropogenic effects on the water quality at a pond in the Amazon region (2011) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 24, pp. 1255-1260. , DOI: 10.3303/CET1124210Nishikawa, E., De Almeida Neto, A.F., Vieira, M.G.A., Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of zinc adsorption on expanded vermiculite (2012) Adsorption Science and Technology, 30, pp. 759-772. , DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.30.8-9.759Ruthven, D.M., (1984) Principals of Adsorption and Adsorption Processes, , John Wiley & Sons, New York, USAVieira, M.G.A., De Almeida Neto, A.F., Da Silva, M.G.C., Carneiro, C.N., Filho, A.A., Characterization and use of in natura and calcined rice husks for biosorption of heavy metals ions from aqueous effluents (2012) Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29, pp. 619-634. , DOI: 10.1590/S0104- 66322012000300019Vieira, M.G.A., De Almeida Neto, A.F., Gimenes, M.L., Da Silva, M.G.C., Desulphuration of SO2 by Adsorption in Fluidized Bed with Zeolite (2011) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 24, pp. 1219-1224. , DOI: 10.3303/CET1124204Vieira, M.G.A., De Almeida Neto, A.F., Da Silva, M.G.C., Carneiro, C.N., De Filho, A.A.M., Influence of the system on adsorption of Pb(ll) and Cu(ll) by calcined rice husks: Kinetic study (2011) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 24, pp. 1213-1218. , DOI: 10.3303/CET1124203Vieira, M.G.A., De Almeida Neto, A.F., Gimenes, M.L., Da Silva, M.G.C., Removal of nickel on bofe bentonite calcined clay in porous bed (2010) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176, pp. 109-118. , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.128Vieira, M.G.A., De Almeida Neto, A.F., Gimenes, M.L., Da Silva, M.G.C., Sorption kinetics and equilibrium for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous phase on calcined Bofe bentonite clay (2010) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177, pp. 362-371. , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.040Volesky, B., Weber, J., Park, J.M., Continuous-flow metal biosorption in a regenerable Sargassum column (2003) Water Research, 37, pp. 297-306. , DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00282-

Characterization Of The Complex Metal-clay Obtained In The Process Of Lead Adsorption

This study aims to characterize the complex metal-clay formed by adsorption of lead. In this work, the bentonite clay named Fluidgel was calcined at 750 °C and was used as adsorbent for lead removal. The characterization of this clay and complex metal-clay was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface area (BET method), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The removal of lead from aqueous solution was carried out in a fixed bed. Dynamic experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of flowrate on adsorption efficiency. The experiments were accomplished at room temperature, the clay adsorbent particle diameter was of 0.855 mm and the flow rate varied from 0.6 to 2 mL/min. The feed concentration of lead was about 0.24 mmol/L. Comparing the chemical compositions of the clays obtained by EDX before and after removal of the lead, it was concluded that the ion exchange process might be important to lead removal. From the semi-quantitative analysis of chemical composition in clays with and without adsorbed lead it was observed a reduction of the amount of Ca2+, K+ cations and the disappearance of Na+ cations, which was caused by cation exchange process.173792799Bayhan, Y.K., Keskinler, B., Cakici, A., Levent, M., Akay, G., Removal of divalent heavy metal mixtures from water by saccharomyces cerevisiae using cross-flow micro-filtration (2001) Water Research, 35 (9), pp. 2191-2200. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(0000499-1Shaidan, N.H., Eldemerdash, U., Awad, S., Removal of ni(ii) ions from aqueous solutions using fixed-bed ion exchange column technique (2012) Journal of the Taiwan Institute Chemical Engineers, 43 (1), pp. 40-45. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2011.06.006Chen, Q., Luo, Z., Hills, C., Xue, G., Tyrer, M., Precipitation of heavy metals from wastewater using simulated flue gas: Sequent additions of fly ash, lime and Carbon dioxide (2009) Water Research, 43 (10), pp. 2605-2614. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.007Landaburu-Aguirre, J., García, V., Pongrácz, E., Keiski, R.L., The removal of zinc from synthetic wastewaters by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration: Statistical design of experiments (2009) Desalination, 240 (1-3), pp. 262-269. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.077Tran, H.H., Roddick, F.A., O'Donnell, J.A., Comparison of chromatography and desiccant silica gels for the adsorption of metal ions-i. Adsorption and kinetics (1999) Water Research, 33 (13), pp. 2992-3000. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(9900017-2Yanagisawa, H., Matsumoto, Y., Machida, M., Adsorption of zn(ii) and cd(ii) ions onto magnesium and activated Carbon composite in aqueous solution (2010) Applied Surface Science, 256 (6), pp. 1619-1623. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.10.010Vieira, M.G.A., Almeida Neto, A.F., Da Silva, M.G.C., Nóbrega, C.C., Melo, A.A.F., Characterization and use of in natura and Calcined rice husks for biosorption of heavy metals ions from aqueous effluents (2012) Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29 (3), pp. 619-633. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322012000300019Vieira, M.G.A., Almeida Neto, A.F., Da Silva, M.G.C., Nóbrega, C.C., Melo, A.A.F., Influence of the system on adsorption of pb(ii) and cu(ii) by Calcined rice husks: Kinetic study (2011) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 24, pp. 1213-1218Gupta, V.K., Jain, C.K., Ali, I., Sharma, M., Saini, V.K., Removal of Cadmium and nickel from wastewater using bagasse fly ash-A sugar industry waste (2003) Water Research, 37 (16), pp. 4038-4044. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(0300292-6Nadaroglu, A.H., Kalkanb, E., Demir, N., Removal of copper from aqueous solution using red mud (2010) Desalination, 251 (1-3), pp. 90-95. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.09.138Apiratikul, R., Pavasant, P., Sorption of cu2+, cd2+, and pb2+ using modified zeolite from coal fly ash (2008) Chemical Engineering Journal, 144 (2), pp. 245-258. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.01.038Oliveira, L., Franca, A.S., Alves, T.M., Rocha, S.D.F., Evaluation of untreated coffee husks as potential biosorbents for treatment of dye contaminated waters (2008) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155 (3), pp. 507-512. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.093Galindo, L.S.G., Almeida Neto, A.F., Da Silva, M.G.C., Vieira, M.G.A., Removal of Cadmium(ii) and lead(ii) ions from aqueous phase on sodic bentonite (2013) Materials Research, 16 (2), pp. 515-527. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392013005000007Almeida Neto, A.F., Vieira, M.G.A., Silva, M.G.C., Cu(ii) adsorption on modified bentonitic clays: Different isotherm behaviors in static and dynamic systems (2012) Materials Research, 15 (1), pp. 114-124. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392011005000089Vieira, M.G.A., Almeida Neto, A.F., Gimenes, M.L., Da Silva, M.G.C., Removal of nickel on bofe bentonite Calcined clay in porous bed (2010) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), pp. 109-118. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.128Vieira, M.G.A., Almeida Neto, A.F., Gimenes, M.L., Da Silva, M.G.C., Sorption kinetics and equilibrium for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous phase on Calcined bofe bentonite clay (2010) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), pp. 362-371. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.040Kubilay, S., Gürkan, R., Savran, A., Sahan, T., Removal of cu(ii), zn(ii) and co(ii) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto natural bentonite (2007) Adsorption, 13 (1), pp. 41-51. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10450-007-9003-yNishikawa, E., Almeida Neto, A.F., Vieira, M.G.A., Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of zinc adsorption on expanded vermiculite (2012) Adsorption Science and Technology, 30 (8-9), pp. 759-772. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263-6174.30.8-9.759Meier, L.P., Kahr, G., Determination of the Cation exchange Capacity (cec) of clay minerals using the complexes of copper(ii) ion with triethylenetetramine and tetraethylenepentamine (1999) Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, pp. 386-388. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470315Bailey, S.E., Olin, T.J., Bricka, M., Adrian, D., A review of potentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals (1999) Water Research, 33, pp. 2469-2479. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(9800475-8Gimenes, M.L., Almeida Neto, A.F., Vieira, M.G.A., Silva, M.G.C., Continuous-flow copper adsorption in regenerable Calcined clay columns (2013) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 32, pp. 2023-2028Ruthven, D.M., (1984) Principals of Adsorption and Adsorption Processes, , John Wiley & SonsGeankoplis, C.J., (1993) Transport Processes and Unit Operations, , 3rd ed PTR Prentice HallVolesky, B., Weber, J., Park, J.M., Continuous-flow metal biosorption in a regenerable sargassum column (2003) Water Research, 37 (2), pp. 297-306. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(0200282-