Hubungan kepuasan kerja ke atas keinginan untuk berhenti kerja dalam kalangan anggota polis pangkat rendah, Ibu Pejabat Polis Kontinjen (IPK) Perlis

Tugas-tugas kepolisan yang semakin mencabar di lihat mampu menganggu tahap kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan anggota polis. Situasi ini jika tidak ditangani dengan baik boleh mengakibatkan peningkatan dalam keinginan untuk berhenti kerja dalam kalangan anggota polis. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan di antara kepuasan kerja dan keinginan untuk berhenti kerja dalam kalangan anggota polis pangkat rendah di Ibu Pejabat Kontinjen (IPK) Negeri Perlis. Seramai 244 orang anggota polis pangkat rendah telah di pilih dengan menggunakan teknik persampelan rawak mudah. Data dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Versi 21.0. Dalam kajian ini, kepuasan kerja diukur dengan menggunakan Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) manakala keinginan untuk berhenti kerja telah diukur dengan menggunakan Turnover Intention Scale Response. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kepuasan kerja intrinsik, ektrinsik dan umum mempunyai hubungan negatif yang signifikan ke atas keinginan untuk berhenti kerja. Oleh itu, hipotesis kajian yang menyatakan bahawa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan di antara kepuasan kerja intrinsik, ektrinsik, dan umum terhadap keinginan untuk berhenti kerja ditolak

Establishment of an in vitro micropropagation protocol for Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir.

This report describes in vitro micropropagation of Boscia senegalensis, so-called famine foods, that helped the people in Darfur and Kordofan, Sudan survive during the 1984–1985 famine. Four types of explants prepared from green mature zygotic embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 1–5 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA). The highest number of shoots per explant (14.3±0.9) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA, while the highest shoot length [(3.5±0.4) cm] was obtained with 1 mg/L BA. The shoot cluster, when subcultured to its same medium, significantly increased the rate of shoot multiplication by the end of the third subculture. The maximum mean number of shoots per explant (86.5±3.6) was produced after three multiplication cycles on 3 mg/L BA-supplemented medium. In vitro induced shoots were excised and rooted on half strength MS medium fortified with 0.25 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to obtain complete plantlets. B. senegalensis-regenerated plantlets obtained in vitro for the first time, were hardened and 95% survived under greenhouse conditions

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: An international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda