Effects of GFF Bands on Normal and High Strength Concrete Cylinders

This paper exemplifies the effects of externally confined Glass Fibre Fabric (GFF) bands onnormal and high strength concrete cylinders. Twelve normal and high strength concretecylinders were cast and tested in the laboratory environment under axial compression tofailure. The experimental results show that the degree of confinement of discrete GFFconfined high strength concrete cylinders was significantly better than normal strengthconcrete cylinders with GFF bands, however the ductility of GFF confined high strengthconcrete cylinders was relatively less than GFF normal strength concrete. It was also foundthat the application of horizontally oriented GFF bands is the most effective confining patternthan spirally oriented GFF bands

Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation

Background Tobacco use is estimated to kill 7 million people a year. Nicotin e is highly addictive, but surveys indicate that almost 70% of U S and UK smokers would like to stop smoking. Although many smokers attempt to give up on their own, advice from a health professio nal increases the chances of quitting. As of 2016 there were 3.5 bill ion Internet users worldwide, making the Internet a potenti al platform to help people quit smoking. Objectives To determine the effectiveness of Internet-based interventi ons for smoking cessation, whether intervention effectivene ss is altered by tailoring or interactive features, and if there is a differen ce in effectiveness between adolescents, young adults, and adu lts. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Regi ster, which included searches of MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO (through OVID). There were no restrictions placed on lan guage, publication status or publication date. The most recent search was conducted in August 2016. Selection criteria We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Participants w ere people who smoked, with no exclusions based on age, gender , ethnicity, language or health status. Any type of Internet in tervention was eligible. The comparison condition could be a no -intervention control, a different Internet intervention, or a non-Interne t intervention. To be included, studies must have measured sm oking cessation at four weeks or longer. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed and extracted dat a. We extracted and, where appropriate, pooled smoking cessat ion outcomes of six-month follow-up or more, reporting short-term outcomes n arratively where longer-term outcomes were not available. We reported study effects as a risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI )

Eutectic colony formation: A phase field study

Eutectic two-phase cells, also known as eutectic colonies, are commonly observed during the solidification of ternary alloys when the composition is close to a binary eutectic valley. In analogy with the solidification cells formed in dilute binary alloys, colony formation is triggered by a morphological instability of a macroscopically planar eutectic solidification front due to the rejection by both solid phases of a ternary impurity that diffuses in the liquid. Here we develop a phase-field model of a binary eutectic with a dilute ternary impurity and we investigate by dynamical simulations both the initial linear regime of this instability, and the subsequent highly nonlinear evolution of the interface that leads to fully developed two-phase cells with a spacing much larger than the lamellar spacing. We find a good overall agreement with our recent linear stability analysis [M. Plapp and A. Karma, Phys. Rev. E 60, 6865 (1999)], which predicts a destabilization of the front by long-wavelength modes that may be stationary or oscillatory. A fine comparison, however, reveals that the assumption commonly attributed to Cahn that lamella grow perpendicular to the envelope of the solidification front is weakly violated in the phase-field simulations. We show that, even though weak, this violation has an important quantitative effect on the stability properties of the eutectic front. We also investigate the dynamics of fully developed colonies and find that the large-scale envelope of the composite eutectic front does not converge to a steady state, but exhibits cell elimination and tip-splitting events up to the largest times simulated.Comment: 18 pages, 18 EPS figures, RevTeX twocolumn, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Pattern formation in directional solidification under shear flow. I: Linear stability analysis and basic patterns

An asymptotic interface equation for directional solidification near the absolute stabiliy limit is extended by a nonlocal term describing a shear flow parallel to the interface. In the long-wave limit considered, the flow acts destabilizing on a planar interface. Moreover, linear stability analysis suggests that the morphology diagram is modified by the flow near the onset of the Mullins-Sekerka instability. Via numerical analysis, the bifurcation structure of the system is shown to change. Besides the known hexagonal cells, structures consisting of stripes arise. Due to its symmetry-breaking properties, the flow term induces a lateral drift of the whole pattern, once the instability has become active. The drift velocity is measured numerically and described analytically in the framework of a linear analysis. At large flow strength, the linear description breaks down, which is accompanied by a transition to flow-dominated morphologies, described in a companion paper. Small and intermediate flows lead to increased order in the lattice structure of the pattern, facilitating the elimination of defects. Locally oscillating structures appear closer to the instability threshold with flow than without.Comment: 20 pages, Latex, accepted for Physical Review

Search for lepton-flavor-violating τ→ℓV0\tau\to\ell V^0 decays at Belle

We have searched for neutrinoless $\tau$ lepton decays into $\ell$ and $V^0$, where $\ell$ stands for an electron or muon, and $V^0$ for a vector meson ($\phi$, $\omega$, $K^{*0}$, $\bar{K}^{*0}$ or $\rho^0$), using 543 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. No excess of signal events over the expected background has been observed, and we set upper limits on the branching fractions in the range $(5.9-18) \times 10^{-8}$ at the 90% confidence level. These upper limits include the first results for the $\ell \omega$ mode as well as new limits that are significantly more restrictive than our previous results for the $\ell \phi$, $\ell K^{*0}$, $\ell \bar{K}^{*0}$ and $\ell \rho^0$ modes.Comment: 7 pages, 16 figure

Search for new charmonium states in the processes e+ e- --> J/psi D(*) D(*) at sqrt{s} ~ 10.6 GeV

We present a study of the X(3940) state in the process e+e- -> J/psi D* Dbar. The X(3940) mass and width are measured to be (3942 +7 -6 +- 6)MeV/c^2 and Gamma=(37 + 26 - 15 +- 8 MeV. In the process e+e- -> J/psi D* D*bar we have observed another charmonium-like state, which we denote as X(4160), in the spectrum of invariant masses of D*+ D*- combinations. The X(4160) parameters are M= 4156 + 25 - 20 +- 15 MeV/c^2 and Gamma = 139 + 111 -61 +- 21 MeV. The analysis is based on a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 693 /fb recorded near the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+ e- asymmetric-energy collider.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures Contribution paper for conferences EPS2007 and Lepton Photon 2007, Belle-Conference-070

Measurement of the ratio B(D0->pi+pi-pi0)/B(D0->K-pi+pi0) and the time-integrated CP asymmetry in D0->pi+pi-pi0

We report a high-statistics measurement of the relative branching fraction B(D0->pi+pi-pi0)/B(D0->K-pi+pi0) using a 532 fb^{-1} data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. The measured value of the relative branching fraction is B(D0->pi+pi-pi0)/B(D0->K-pi+pi0) = (10.12 +/- 0.04(stat) +/- 0.18(syst))x10^{-2} which has an accuracy comparable to the world average. We also present a measurement of the time-integrated CP asymmetry in D0->pi+pi-pi0 decay. The result, A_{CP} = (0.43 +/- 1.30)%, shows no significant CP violation.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Physics Letters

Emissions Trends and Drivers (Chapter 2)

Global net anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the last decade (2010–2019) were higher than at any previous time in human history (high confidence). Since 2010, GHG emissions have continued to grow, reaching 59 ± 6.6 GtCO2-eq in 2019,1 but the average annual growth in the last decade (1.3%, 2010–2019) was lower than in the previous decade (2.1%, 2000–2009) (high confidence). Average annual GHG emissions were 56 ± 6.0 GtCO2-eq yr –1 for the decade 2010–2019 growing by about 9.1 GtCO2-eq yr –1 from the previous decade (2000–2009) – the highest decadal average on record (high confidence)