Study of the effect of prostaglandin F2α analogue, Dinoprost, on cropus luteal tissue in pseudopregnant rabbit

In this study the effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue, dinoprost, on corpus luteal tissue in pseudopregnant rabbit was investigated. For this purpose, 42 mature female rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups of 7 animals each. In 3 groups, on day 10 of pseudopregnancy, dinoprost (1mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly and 24, 48 and 72 hours following injection respectively, the animals were necropsied. In the other three groups, normal saline solution was injected as control groups. In all groups, after blood sampling the animals were necropsied and their ovaries removed and weighed. Following sampling and fixation in 10% formalin solution, the tissue samples were stained by Hematoxylene & Eosine method and the corpora lutea were studied morphologically and morphometrically. Histomorphometrical study indicated that the diameter of corpus luteum decreased significantly (

Survey on species diversity and season changes of Ixodidae ticks in Tabriz in 2009

Ticks are very important in animal husbandry and they can transmit different disease. Some of the important transmitted disease by the ticks such as theilerioses and babesioses are very distributed in our studied area and hence this study was done about sheep ticks species diversity of Tabriz city to obtaining epidemiological importance aspects from sheep disease that are transmitted by ticks in this area. Our results showed that in this study the species diversity of founded ticks were Hyalomma anatolicom anatolicom, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguinus and Haemaphysalis sulcata. Of the 1302 prepared ticks Hyalomma anatolicom anatolicom with 919 in number (70.58%) was the highest infection having and Haemaphysalis sulcata with 45 in number (3.46%) was the least infection having and after Hyalomma anatolicom anatolicom, Rhipicephalus sanguinus with 200 in number (15.36%) and Rhipicephalus bursa with 138 in number (10.6%) were observed with highest infection having rate respectively. Also highest infection of season was summer compared (

The effect of chronic administration of ketoconazol on spermatogenesis indices and testis tissue in mice

Ketoconazole, a broad spectrum antifungal agent has been employed widely in the treatment of fungal diseases. In addition to being antifungal, studies have indicated that this drug has an inhibitory effect on steroid hormone production including glucocorticoids and sex hormones and also its administration causes reduction in the amount of blood testosterone level and histologic changes in testicular tissue of laboratory animals. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of long term ketoconazole administration on spermatogenesis indices in testicular tissue of mice. In this experimental study 50 male mice were used which were allocated to 5 groups each containing 10 animals. The mice received a 50 mg/kg dose of ketoconazole daily for a period of 15 days, 1, 2 and 3 months orally. One group was used as the control and the other 4 groups received Ketoconazole, testicular tissue samples were collected at the end of the aforementioned time period, and after preparation of tissue sections and staining with hematoxylin and coin the spermiogenesis indices including tubular differentiation index (TDI), spermatogenesis index (SI) and repopulation index (RI) were studied. The results indicated that SI and RI decreased significantly (

The effect of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on formalin-induced pain response in mice

Voltage-gated calcium channels play a major role in the control of cellular processes in cardiac, vascular and neuronal tissues. Verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem are calcium channel blockers widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular ailments in humans. A number of studies have shown that calcium channel blockers have antinociception and antiinflammatory effects in a range of animal models (but not in all animal models). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on formalin-induced pain and inflammation in mice. In this experimental study, verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem (10 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before the injection of 20µl of 5% formalin solution into the paw region. The time of licking and biting of injected paw was measured as pain response at 5 minute intervals for 1 hour. The results showed that formalin induced a biphasic pain response (first phase: 0-5 and second phase: 20-45 minute after injection). Intraperitoneal injection of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem before formalin reduced the second phase (inflammatory pain) of pain response significantly (

Comparative study of Valeriana Officinalis root extract¸diazepam and ketamin on CNS depressive effects in cats

Valeriana officinalis is a medicinal plant used in alternative medicine for its sedative and anxiolytic properties. It acts trough GABA receptors increases GABA in synaptic space and stimulates GABA receptors. Ketamine and diazepam also acts trough GABA mechanism but with a different pathway. The purpose of our study was to investigate the sedative effects on cats of valerian extract that extremely beloved by cats in combination with ketamine, and evaluate the possibility of its usage in cats and change the routine methods of anti-anxiety and restraining method. 24 healthy short haired mature male cats randomly selected, fed with standard ration and water ad libitum , were divided into three groups G1, G2, G3, received ketamine(11mg/kg), ketamine-diazepam(1mg/kg), and ketamine-valerian (1250 µg/kg PO) respectively. Rate of CNS depression were evaluated by; onset time of effects, peak score, and duration of peak score, total time of effects and highest recorded score. Scores obtained by ataxia, time at which falling recumbent and pinch test over anus, tail and Achilles tendon. This experiment was conducted as blind. Statistical analysis made by variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey test, at a significance level of 5% (

Histopathological evaluation of the effect of Sulfamide+Trimethoprim administration on renal tissue in broiler chickens

Administration of sulfonamides adversely affects renal tissue in human beings and animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in renal tissue of broiler chickens following administration of Sulfamide+Trimethoprim. In this study, 240 healthy 3 weeks old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to two equal groups. In the treatment groups, sulfonamide +Trimethoprim were administered at a dose of 20ml in 800lit of drinking water for 3 days while no drag was administered in the control group. After 72 hours, tissue samples were collected from the kidneys of the broiler chickens and 5µm thick sections were prepared from specimens fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the TUNEL technique. Histopathological examination of the renal tissue in the treatment group indicated the presence of necrosis and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells, congestion, hemorrhage and glomerolopathy. The difference between the treatment and control groups in the severity of renal pathological changes was significant (

Comparison of the serumic levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc between apparently healthy and those affected by febrile pneumonia in Ghezel sheep

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between subclinical deficiency of Vit A, Vit C and zinc and ovine pneumonia. This study was conducted on 400 sheep affected by pneumonia and 100 apparently healthy sheep. All animals were from the Ghezel breed with the age of 0.5-2 years and body weight of 35-60 kg. Sampling was done during the summer and autumn in Miandoab province. Patients showing signs of rapid and shallow breathing, dyspnea, coughing, nasal discharge and abnormal lung sound were selected as having pneumonia. Animals without any sign of particular disease were selected as apparently healthy after general examination. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. The results indicated that serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc were 46.94±0.26 (μg/dl), 1.83±0.05 (mg/dl) and 183.25±1.86 (μg/dl) in healthy sheep respectively and serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc were 42.45±0.19 (μg/dl), 1.47±0.02 (mg/dl) and 134.59±1.77 (μg/dl) in pneumonic sheep (p=0.000) respectively. It can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between subclinical deficiency of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc serum and ovine pneumoni

Effect of orally administrated sodium valproate on alternations in the electrocardiogram of the cat

Valproic acid is a fatty acid with antiseizure. Currently the salts of valproic acid are used to treat seizure, bipolar disorders and to prevent migraine in human and animals. Valproate sodium inhibits repetitive bursting action potentials of cells. Furthermore it has been shown that high concentrations of valproate can increase potassium transmission across cellular membranes while in low concentrations it can lead to cellular hyperpolarisation. Considering that there are Na+ and K+ channels on the surface of cardiomyocytes, it is probable that sodium valproate can affect these channels as well. Therefore in the present study it was attempted to investigate the effect of orally administered sodium valproate on alterations in the electrocardiogram of the cat. In this experimental study, 8 domestic short hair male cats that were selected randomly were used. valproate sodium was administered orally to all animals at the dose of 50 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks and the electrocardiogram was recorded at days 0 ( prior to drug administration) , 7, 14 and 21 during drug administration in lead II. Heart rate (HR) , P wave duration (PD) , P wave amplitude ( PA) , PR interval (PR- interval), QRS duration( QRS D), R amplitude (RA), ST segment ( ST seg.) and QT interval( QT int.) were evaluated from the electrocardiogram. The results indicate that heart rate and R amplitude(RA) at days 7, 14 and 21 had significantly increased and decreased respectively compared with day 0 (P≤0.05) . These results revealed that valproic acid induces sinus tachycardia in the cat. It is evident from this finding together with the decrease in R wave amplitude that this drug has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects and it seems that through these effects it may bring about proarrythmic effect in the cat

The effect of cefepime injection on clinical findings, gross lesions and some biochemical parameters in Rose Ringed Parakeet

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cefepime injection, a fourth generation cephalosporin drug, on clinical finding, gross lesions and some biochemical parameters in Rose Ringed Parakeet in high of the increasing use of medical antibiotics in avian medicine. Ten Rose Ringed Parakeets were randomly allocated into two groups of control and treatment each consisting of 5 birds with the same age, environmental and nutritional conditions. In the treatment group, 100 mg/kg cefepime was injected intramuscularly every 12 hours for 3 days while in the control group equal values of normal saline solution was injected similarly during the injection period, the birds were evaluated clinically. Blood samples of all bird were collected from the jugular vein 24 hours after the last injection, their sera separated following centrifugation and the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, uric acid, creatinine, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and calcium were measured using the spectrophotometer and flame photometry techniques. Necropsy was also carried out following blood sampling to assess gross lesions. Comparison of the results of the biochemical parameters between treatment and control groups indicated a significant increase (