1,042 research outputs found
Introduction to weak interaction theories with dynamical symmetry breaking
A straightforward introduction to theories of the weak interactions with dynamical symmetry breaking-theories of technicolor or hypercolor is presented. The intent is to inform experimentalists, but also to goad theorists. The motivation for considering theories of this type is described. The structure that such a theory must possess, including new gauge interactions at mass scales of 1-100 TeV is then outlined. Despite their reliance on phenomena at such enormous energies, these theories contain new phenomena observable at currently accessible energies. Three such effects which are especially likely to be observed are described
Long-term perturbations due to a disturbing body in elliptic inclined orbit
In the current study, a double-averaged analytical model including the action
of the perturbing body's inclination is developed to study third-body
perturbations. The disturbing function is expanded in the form of Legendre
polynomials truncated up to the second-order term, and then is averaged over
the periods of the spacecraft and the perturbing body. The efficiency of the
double-averaged algorithm is verified with the full elliptic restricted
three-body model. Comparisons with the previous study for a lunar satellite
perturbed by Earth are presented to measure the effect of the perturbing body's
inclination, and illustrate that the lunar obliquity with the value 6.68\degree
is important for the mean motion of a lunar satellite. The application to the
Mars-Sun system is shown to prove the validity of the double-averaged model. It
can be seen that the algorithm is effective to predict the long-term behavior
of a high-altitude Martian spacecraft perturbed by Sun. The double-averaged
model presented in this paper is also applicable to other celestial systems.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figure
Flavour Universal Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
The top condensate see-saw mechanism of Dobrescu and Hill allows electroweak
symmetry to be broken while deferring the problem of flavour to an electroweak
singlet, massive sector. We provide an extended version of the singlet sector
that naturally accommodates realistic masses for all the standard model
fermions, which play an equal role in breaking electroweak symmetry. The models
result in a relatively light composite Higgs sector with masses typically in
the range of (400-700)~GeV. In more complete models the dynamics will
presumably be driven by a broken gauged family or flavour symmetry group. As an
example of the higher scale dynamics a fully dynamical model of the quark
sector with a GIM mechanism is presented, based on an earlier top condensation
model of King using broken family gauge symmetry interactions (that model was
itself based on a technicolour model of Georgi). The crucial extra ingredient
is a reinterpretation of the condensates that form when several gauge groups
become strong close to the same scale. A related technicolour model of Randall
which naturally includes the leptons too may also be adapted to this scenario.
We discuss the low energy constraints on the massive gauge bosons and scalars
of these models as well as their phenomenology at the TeV scale.Comment: 22 pages, 3 fig
Franz cell diffusion testing and quantitative confocal raman spectroscopy: In vitro-in vivo correlation
Previously, we reported the use of Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS) to investigate the
topical delivery of actives and excipients. We have also correlated the results from CRS with findings
from in vitro diffusion studies in human skin. However, until now CRS has only been used as a
semi-quantitative method of determining the skin uptake of molecules, with results expressed as
arbitrary units of signal intensity. Clearly, this posed challenges for using CRS to determine skin
delivery and to assess the drug bioavailability and bioequivalence of topical formulations. In the
present work, the permeation of niacinamide (NIA) from various formulations in human skin was
studied in vitro using conventional Franz cells and in vivo using a quantitative CRS m
High-Yield of CD34+ Cells With Bortezomib-Based Mobilization Regimen Is Associated With Specific Genomic Expression Patterns, Decrease in SDF-1 Plasma Levels and Up-Regulation of CXCR4 in Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients
Bounded and unitary elements in pro-C^*-algebras
A pro-C^*-algebra is a (projective) limit of C^*-algebras in the category of
topological *-algebras. From the perspective of non-commutative geometry,
pro-C^*-algebras can be seen as non-commutative k-spaces. An element of a
pro-C^*-algebra is bounded if there is a uniform bound for the norm of its
images under any continuous *-homomorphism into a C^*-algebra. The *-subalgebra
consisting of the bounded elements turns out to be a C^*-algebra. In this
paper, we investigate pro-C^*-algebras from a categorical point of view. We
study the functor (-)_b that assigns to a pro-C^*-algebra the C^*-algebra of
its bounded elements, which is the dual of the Stone-\v{C}ech-compactification.
We show that (-)_b is a coreflector, and it preserves exact sequences. A
generalization of the Gelfand-duality for commutative unital pro-C^*-algebras
is also presented.Comment: v2 (accepted
Pseudo Goldstone Bosons Phenomenology in Minimal Walking Technicolor
We construct the non-linear realized Lagrangian for the Goldstone Bosons
associated to the breaking pattern of SU(4) to SO(4). This pattern is expected
to occur in any Technicolor extension of the standard model featuring two Dirac
fermions transforming according to real representations of the underlying gauge
group. We concentrate on the Minimal Walking Technicolor quantum number
assignments with respect to the standard model symmetries. We demonstrate that
for, any choice of the quantum numbers, consistent with gauge and Witten
anomalies the spectrum of the pseudo Goldstone Bosons contains electrically
doubly charged states which can be discovered at the Large Hadron Collider.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
Prospective Registry Trial Assessing the Use of Magnetic Seeds to Locate Clipped Nodes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Patients
Background Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) involves locating and removing both clipped nodes and sentinel nodes for assessment of the axillary response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) by clinically node-positive breast cancer patients. Initial reports described radioactive seeds used for localization, which makes the technique difficult to implement in some settings. This trial was performed to determine whether magnetic seeds can be used to locate clipped axillary lymph nodes for removal. Methods This prospective registry trial enrolled patients who had biopsy-proven node-positive disease with a clip placed in the node and treatment with NAC. A magnetic seed was placed under ultrasound guidance in the clipped node after NAC. All the patients underwent TAD. Results Magnetic seeds were placed in 50 patients by 17 breast radiologists. All the patients had successful seed placement at the first attempt (mean time for localization was 6.1 min; range 1-30 min). The final position of the magnetic seed was within the node (n = 44, 88%), in the cortex (n = 3, 6%), less than 3 mm from the node (n = 2, 4%), or by the clip when the node could not be adequately visualized (n = 1, 2%). The magnetic seed was retrieved at surgery from all the patients. In 49 (98%) of the 50 cases, the clip and magnetic seed were retrieved from the same node. Surgeons rated the transcutaneous and intraoperative localization as easy for 43 (86%) of the 50 cases. No device-related adverse events occurred. Conclusions Localization and selective removal of clipped nodes can be accomplished safely and effectively using magnetic seeds
Concerning the quark condensate
A continuum expression for the trace of the massive dressed-quark propagator
is used to explicate a connection between the infrared limit of the QCD Dirac
operator's spectrum and the quark condensate appearing in the operator product
expansion, and the connection is verified via comparison with a lattice-QCD
simulation. The pseudoscalar vacuum polarisation provides a good approximation
to the condensate over a larger range of current-quark masses.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX2e, revtex
Big Corrections from a Little Higgs
We calculate the tree-level expressions for the electroweak precision
observables in the SU(5)/SO(5) littlest Higgs model. The source for these
corrections are the exchange of heavy gauge bosons, explicit corrections due to
non-linear sigma-model dynamics and a triplet Higgs VEV. Weak isospin violating
contributions are present because there is no custodial SU(2) global symmetry.
The bulk of these weak isospin violating corrections arise from heavy gauge
boson exchange while a smaller contribution comes from the triplet Higgs VEV. A
global fit is performed to the experimental data and we find that throughout
the parameter space the symmetry breaking scale is bounded by f > 4 TeV at 95%
C.L. Stronger bounds on f are found for generic choices of the high energy
gauge couplings. We find that even in the best case scenario one would need
fine tuning of less than a percent to get a Higgs mass as light as 200 GeV.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures included, typos fixed, comments on the effects of
extra vector-like heavy fermions adde
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