756 research outputs found
Neutrino Factories and the "Magic" Baseline
We show that for a neutrino factory baseline of a
``clean'' measurement of becomes possible, which is
almost unaffected by parameter degeneracies. We call this baseline "magic"
baseline, because its length only depends on the matter density profile. For a
complete analysis, we demonstrate that the combination of the magic baseline
with a baseline of 3000 km is the ideal solution to perform equally well for
the , sign of , and CP violation
sensitivities. Especially, this combination can very successfully resolve
parameter degeneracies even below .Comment: Minor changes, final version to appear in PRD, 4 pages, 3 figures,
RevTe
Comparative studies on subcellular organelles and their marker enzymes in selected marine animal species and in the rat
Comment on "Evolution of a Quasi-Stationary State"
Approximately forty years ago it was realized that the time development of
decaying systems might not be precisely exponential. Rolf Winter (Phys. Rev.
{\bf 123}, 1503 (1961)) analyzed the simplest nontrivial system - a particle
tunneling out of a well formed by a wall and a delta-function. He calculated
the probability current just outside the well and found irregular oscillations
on a short time scale followed by an exponential decrease followed by more
oscillations and finally by a decrease as a power of the time. We have
reanalyzed this system, concentrating on the survival probability of the
particle in the well rather than the probability current, and find a different
short time behavior.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, RevTex
Hypercalcemia during pregnancy: management and outcomes for mother and child (Oct, 10.1007/s12020-021-02615-2, 2021)
Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap
Hypercalcemia during pregnancy: management and outcomes for mother and child
Diagnosing and treating hypercalcemia during pregnancy can be challenging due to both the physiological changes in calcium homeostasis and the underlying cause for the hypercalcemia. During pregnancy and lactation there is increased mobilization of calcium in the mother to meet the fetus' calcium requirements. Here we discuss the diagnostic challenges, management, and patient perspective of hypercalcemia during pregnancy in two particular cases and in other rare conditions causing hypercalcemia.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap
Decay process accelerated by tunneling in its very early stage
We examine a fast decay process that arises in the transition period between
the Gaussian and exponential decay processes in quantum decay systems. It is
usually expected that the decay is decelerated by a confinement potential
barrier. However, we find a case where the decay in the transition period is
accelerated by tunneling through a confinement potential barrier. We show that
the acceleration gives rise to an appreciable effect on the time evolution of
the nonescape probability of the decay system.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Quantization of the Damped Harmonic Oscillator Revisited
We return to the description of the damped harmonic oscillator by means of a
closed quantum theory with a general assessment of previous works, in
particular the Bateman-Caldirola-Kanai model and a new model recently proposed
by one of the authors. We show the local equivalence between the two models and
argue that latter has better high energy behavior and is naturally connected to
existing open-quantum-systems approaches.Comment: 16 page
Effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without zoledronic acid on pathological response: A meta-analysis of randomised trials
Purpose The addition of bisphosphonates to adjuvant therapy improves survival in postmenopausal breast cancer (BC) patients. We report a meta-analysis of four randomised trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) +/â zoledronic acid (ZA) in stage II/III BC to investigate the potential for enhancing the pathological response. Methods Individual patient data from four prospective randomised clinical trials reporting the effect of the addition of ZA on the pathological response after neoadjuvant CT were pooled. Primary outcomes were pathological complete response in the breast (pCRb) and in the breast and lymph nodes (pCR). Trial-level and individual patient data meta-analyses were done. Predefined subgroup-analyses were performed for postmenopausal women and patients with triple-negative BC. Results pCRb and pCR data were available in 735 and 552 patients respectively. In the total study population ZA addition to neoadjuvant CT did not increase pCRb or pCR rates. However, in postmenopausal patients, the addition of ZA resulted in a significant, near doubling of the pCRb rate (10.8% for CT only versus 17.7% with CT+ZA; odds ratio [OR] 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01â4.55) and a non-significant benefit of the pCR rate (7.8% for CT only versus 14.6% with CT+ZA; OR 2.62, 95% CI 0.90â7.62). In patients with triple-negative BC a trend was observed favouring CT+ZA. Conclusion This meta-analysis shows no impact from the addition of ZA to neoadjuvant CT on pCR. However, as has been seen in the adjuvant setting, the addition of ZA to neoadjuvant CT may augment the effects of CT in postmenopausal patients with BC
Potential energy threshold for nano-hillock formation by impact of slow highly charged ions on a CaF(111) surface
We investigate the formation of nano-sized hillocks on the (111) surface of
CaF single crystals by impact of slow highly charged ions. Atomic force
microscopy reveals a surprisingly sharp and well-defined threshold of potential
energy carried into the collision of about 14 keV for hillock formation.
Estimates of the energy density deposited suggest that the threshold is linked
to a solid-liquid phase transition (``melting'') on the nanoscale. With
increasing potential energy, both the basal diameter and the height of the
hillocks increase. The present results reveal a remarkable similarity between
the present predominantly potential-energy driven process and track formation
by the thermal spike of swift ( GeV) heavy ions.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
The role of matter density uncertainties in the analysis of future neutrino factory experiments
Matter density uncertainties can affect the measurements of the neutrino
oscillation parameters at future neutrino factory experiments, such as the
measurements of the mixing parameters and \deltacp. We compare
different matter density uncertainty models and discuss the possibility to
include the matter density uncertainties in a complete statistical analysis.
Furthermore, we systematically study in which measurements and where in the
parameter space matter density uncertainties are most relevant. We illustrate
this discussion with examples that show the effects as functions of different
magnitudes of the matter density uncertainties. We find that matter density
uncertainties are especially relevant for large \stheta \gtrsim 10^{-3}.
Within the KamLAND-allowed range, they are most relevant for the precision
measurements of \stheta and \deltacp, but less relevant for ``binary''
measurements, such as for the sign of \ldm, the sensitivity to \stheta, or
the sensitivity to maximal CP violation. In addition, we demonstrate that
knowing the matter density along a specific baseline better than to about 1%
precision means that all measurements will become almost independent of the
matter density uncertainties.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX. Final version to be published in Phys.
Rev.
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