Основные вехи деятельности Народного управления религиозными делами мусульман Крыма

В статье рассматривается история создания системы народного управления в Крымской АССР, анализируется деятельность мусульманских съездов и уточняется политика советской власти по отношению к мусульманам в рассматриваемый исторический период

Indução de mutação visando a redução de altura de planta e resistência às doenças no cultivar de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) IAC-17

The objective of the present research was to obtain mutants with reduced plant height and resistance to diseases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety IAC-17, through gamma-irradiation. Seeds were irradiated with gamma-rays (35 krad) and the selection was started in the M2 generation. Three selected lines were compared to the control IAC-17 during three years, in seven trials carried out in several localities under or without irrigation. One mutant line showed significant reduction in plant height, less lodging and increased resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) This mutant also showed the same yield, yield components, tolerance to aluminium, cycle and reaction to Helminthosporium sativum, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, P. recondita as the original variety. The results indicated the usefulness of the mutation breeding method to correct defects of simple inherited characters in oustanding commercial varieties.A redução na altura da planta e obtenção de resistência às doenças foi experimentada através da indução de mutação por raios-gama na variedade de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) IAC-17. Sementes foram irradiadas com 35 krad e a partir da geração M2 iniciou-se a seleção. Três das linhagens selecionadas foram comparadas com o cultivar original IAC-17, durante três anos, em sete ensaios avançados realizados em vários locais, em condição de sequeiro e irrigação. Os resultados demonstraram a obtenção de um mutante que apresentou redução na altura da planta, tendência de sofrer menos acamamento e maior resistência a oídio (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici). As demais características agronômicas avaliadas, tais como produção de grãos e seus componentes, reação ao Helminthosporium sativum, causador da mancha das folhas, reação a Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (ferrugem do colmo) e P. recôndita (ferrugem da folha), tolerância a alumínio e ciclo permaneceram inalteradas em relação a IAC-17. Os resultados indicaram a utilidade da indução de mutações por raios gama para a correção de defeitos de caracteres de herança simples em variedades elites

An overview of jets and outflows in stellar mass black holes

In this book chapter, we will briefly review the current empirical understanding of the relation between accretion state and and outflows in accreting stellar mass black holes. The focus will be on the empirical connections between X-ray states and relativistic (`radio') jets, although we are now also able to draw accretion disc winds into the picture in a systematic way. We will furthermore consider the latest attempts to measure/order jet power, and to compare it to other (potentially) measurable quantities, most importantly black hole spin.Comment: Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews. Also to appear in the Space Sciences Series of ISSI - The Physics of Accretion on to Black Holes (Springer Publisher

Radio emission and jets from microquasars

To some extent, all Galactic binary systems hosting a compact object are potential `microquasars', so much as all galactic nuclei may have been quasars, once upon a time. The necessary ingredients for a compact object of stellar mass to qualify as a microquasar seem to be: accretion, rotation and magnetic field. The presence of a black hole may help, but is not strictly required, since neutron star X-ray binaries and dwarf novae can be powerful jet sources as well. The above issues are broadly discussed throughout this Chapter, with a a rather trivial question in mind: why do we care? In other words: are jets a negligible phenomenon in terms of accretion power, or do they contribute significantly to dissipating gravitational potential energy? How do they influence their surroundings? The latter point is especially relevant in a broader context, as there is mounting evidence that outflows powered by super-massive black holes in external galaxies may play a crucial role in regulating the evolution of cosmic structures. Microquasars can also be thought of as a form of quasars for the impatient: what makes them appealing, despite their low number statistics with respect to quasars, are the fast variability time-scales. In the first approximation, the physics of the jet-accretion coupling in the innermost regions should be set by the mass/size of the accretor: stellar mass objects vary on 10^5-10^8 times shorter time-scales, making it possible to study variable accretion modes and related ejection phenomena over average Ph.D. time-scales. [Abridged]Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures, To appear in Belloni, T. (ed.): The Jet Paradigm - From Microquasars to Quasars, Lect. Notes Phys. 794 (2009

Finding Faint Intermediate-mass Black Holes in the Radio Band

We discuss the prospects for detecting faint intermediate-mass black holes, such as those predicted to exist in the cores of globular clusters and dwarf spheroidal galaxies. We briefly summarize the difficulties of stellar dynamical searches, then show that recently discovered relations between black hole mass, X-ray luminosity and radio luminosity imply that in most cases, these black holes should be more easily detected in the radio than in the X-rays. Finally, we show upper limits from some radio observations of globular clusters, and discuss the possibility that the radio source in the core of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy might be a $\sim 10,000-100,000 M_\odot$ black hole.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, to appear in From X-ray Binaries to Quasars: Black Hole Accretion on All Mass Scales, ed. T. J. Maccarone, R. P. Fender, and L. C. Ho (Dordrecht: Kluwer

Low-Luminosity Accretion in Black Hole X-ray Binaries and Active Galactic Nuclei

At luminosities below a few percent of Eddington, accreting black holes switch to a hard spectral state which is very different from the soft blackbody-like spectral state that is found at higher luminosities. The hard state is well-described by a two-temperature, optically thin, geometrically thick, advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) in which the ions are extremely hot (up to $10^{12}$ K near the black hole), the electrons are also hot ($\sim10^{9-10.5}$ K), and thermal Comptonization dominates the X-ray emission. The radiative efficiency of an ADAF decreases rapidly with decreasing mass accretion rate, becoming extremely low when a source reaches quiescence. ADAFs are expected to have strong outflows, which may explain why relativistic jets are often inferred from the radio emission of these sources. It has been suggested that most of the X-ray emission also comes from a jet, but this is less well established.Comment: To appear in "From X-ray Binaries to Quasars: Black Hole Accretion on All Mass Scales" edited by T. Maccarone, R. Fender, L. Ho, to be published as a special edition of "Astrophysics and Space Science" by Kluwe

Weekly Docetaxel (Wd) Vs Cmf As Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Elderly Early Breast Cancer (Ebc) Patients (Pts): Final Results from the Randomised Phase 3 Elda Trial

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