Update on epidemiology and control of Foot and Mouth Disease - A menace to international trade and global animal enterprise

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most economically and socially devastating disease affecting animal agriculture throughout the world. This review describes economic impact of disease outbreaks, an update of recent findings in epidemiology of FMD both at International and national level and control of this disease. The etiological agent (FMD virus) is examined in detail at genetic and molecular characterization level and in terms of antigenic diversity. [Vet World 2012; 5(11.000): 694-704

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Not AvailableConcentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) and total protein in serum and packed cell volume and haemoglobin levels were estimated. Buffaloes with clinical sarcoptic mange had significantly (P<0.05) lower total protein and higher FFA and β-OHB concentrations in serum as compared to healthy animals. In buffaloes with subclinical mange, values did not differ significantly from healthy control, though the trend was similar to the clinical mange group. Packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration were also significantly (P<0.05) lower in animals with clinical mange. Clinical examination revealed poor body condition and presence of skin lesions in form of alopecia, thickened skin, dry, exudative crusts and haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic fissures. Histopathological examination of skin revealed hyperkeratinization of epidermis with loss of hair follicles and sebaceous glands and presence of inflammatory cells in the dermis. In liver, histopathology revealed focal areas of congestion and and hemorrhages, dismentling of hepatic cords and cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes. The present study revealed sarcoptic mange in buffaloes is associated with marked changes in skin , liver and haemato-biochemical parameters indicative of nutritional status.Not Availabl

Investigation on the effects of milling atmosphere on synthesis of barium ferrite/magnetite nanocomposite

In this research, barium ferrite /magnetite nanocomposites synthesized via a mechano-chemical route. Graphite was used in order to reduce hematite content of barium ferrite to magnetite to produce a magnetic nanocomposite. The effects of processing conditions on the powder characteristics were investigated by XRD, VSM, and HRTEM techniques. XRD results revealed that milling under air and argon atmospheres resulted in the appearance of Fe3O4 peaks beside BaFe12O19 peaks after 15 and 20 hrs milling, respectively. The intensity of Fe3O4 peaks in the XRD patterns increased by increasing the milling time. VSM studies revealed that saturation magnetization of the 40-hrs milled samples under air and argon atmospheres was 31.25 and 36.42 emu/g, respectively. This difference might be due to more Fe3O4 content in the latter sample. By annealing of the 40-hrs milled sample in air, saturation magnetization increased to 139.12 emu/g.Nanostructured MaterialsApplied Science