Relative congruence formulas and decompositions in quasivarieties

Quasivarietal analogues of uniform congruence schemes are discussed, and their relationship with the equational definability of principal relative congruences (EDPRC) is established, along with their significance for relative congruences on subalgebras of products. Generalizing the situation in varieties, we prove that a quasivariety is relatively ideal iff it has EDPRC; it is relatively filtral iff it is relatively semisimple with EDPRC. As an application, it is shown that a finitary sentential logic, algebraized by a quasivariety K, has a classical inconsistency lemma if and only if K is relatively filtral and the subalgebras of its nontrivial members are nontrivial. A concrete instance of this result is exhibited, in which K is not a variety. Finally, for quasivarieties M⊆K, we supply some conditions under which M is the restriction to K of a variety, assuming that K has EDPRC.The second author was supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (UID 85407).https://link.springer.com/journal/122482018-11-27hj2017Mathematics and Applied Mathematic

The factor structure of the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale in thirteen distinct populations

There is considerable evidence that self-criticism plays a major role in the vulnerability to and recovery from psychopathology. Methods to measure this process, and its change over time, are therefore important for research in psychopathology and well-being. This study examined the factor structure of a widely used measure, the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale in thirteen nonclinical samples (N = 7510) from twelve different countries: Australia (N = 319), Canada (N = 383), Switzerland (N = 230), Israel (N = 476), Italy (N = 389), Japan (N = 264), the Netherlands (N = 360), Portugal (N = 764), Slovakia (N = 1326), Taiwan (N = 417), the United Kingdom 1 (N = 1570), the United Kingdom 2 (N = 883), and USA (N = 331). This study used more advanced analyses than prior reports: a bifactor item-response theory model, a two-tier item-response theory model, and a non-parametric item-response theory (Mokken) scale analysis. Although the original three-factor solution for the FSCRS (distinguishing between Inadequate-Self, Hated-Self, and Reassured-Self) had an acceptable fit, two-tier models, with two general factors (Self-criticism and Self-reassurance) demonstrated the best fit across all samples. This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that this two-factor structure can be used in a range of nonclinical contexts across countries and cultures. Inadequate-Self and Hated-Self might not by distinct factors in nonclinical samples. Future work may benefit from distinguishing between self-correction versus shame-based self-criticism.Peer reviewe

Extreme Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy of the Lower Solar Atmosphere During Solar Flares

The extreme ultraviolet portion of the solar spectrum contains a wealth of diagnostic tools for probing the lower solar atmosphere in response to an injection of energy, particularly during the impulsive phase of solar flares. These include temperature and density sensitive line ratios, Doppler shifted emission lines and nonthermal broadening, abundance measurements, differential emission measure profiles, and continuum temperatures and energetics, among others. In this paper I shall review some of the advances made in recent years using these techniques, focusing primarily on studies that have utilized data from Hinode/EIS and SDO/EVE, while also providing some historical background and a summary of future spectroscopic instrumentation.Comment: 34 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to Solar Physics as part of the Topical Issue on Solar and Stellar Flare

CCDC 654335: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: M.Shahid, M.Mazhar, P.O'Brien, M.A.Malik, J.Raftery|2009|Polyhedron|28|807|doi:10.1016/j.poly.2008.12.04

Bis(acetylacetonato-kappa 2 O,O')[copper(II)nickel(II)(0.31/0.69)]: a mixed-metal complex

The title complex, [Cu(0.31)Ni(0.69)(C(5)H(7)O(2))(2)], was isolated from the reaction of bis(N,N-dimethyaminoethanol)copper(II) with bis(acetylacetonato)nickel(II), which yielded crystals with mixed sites at the central metal position; the refined copper-nickel occupancy ratio is 0.31 (4):0.69 (4). Two acetylacetonate ligands, related by a centre of symmetry, are coordinated to the central metal atom in a square-planar configuration while the methyne C atoms of the acetylacetonate ligands, ca 3.02 A away, are orthogonal to this plane at the metal site