Measurement of AChE activity in the brain of sea, well- and river-fed white fish (Rutilus frisi) as a health index

زمینه و هدف: استفاده از سموم ارگانوفسفره به عنوان حشره کش یا علف کش از دیر باز در استان هایی مانند مازندران به علت وفور مزارع کشاورزی رواج داشته است. این سموم سرانجام در چرخه طبیعی حیات قرار گرفته و در نهایت در بدن حیوانات مانند ماهی تجمع یافته و از این طریق به بدن انسان می رسند. پساب و فاضلاب های شیمیائی نیز بطور مشابه به انسان منتقل می شوند این کار تحقیقی به منظور بررسی میزان جذب این سموم در ماهی سفید انجام شده است. روش مطالعه: بدین منظور از روش رنگ سنجی المن در سنجش فعالیت آنزیم کولین استرازاستفاده شد. نمونه های ماهی سفید، از سه منبع دریائی، پرورشی با آب چاه و پرورشی با آب رود خانه هر یک به تعداد 8 نمونه تهیه شدند. نتایج: با محاسبه میانگین جذب قرائت شده از مغز ماهی ها، فعالیت این آنزیم بر اساس فرمول المن به ترتیب 80/3، 38/1 و 22/0 میکرو مول استیل تیو کولین استراز هیدرولیز شده در دقیقه در هر گرم مغز ماهی محاسبه شد. بررسی های آماری توسط Student Newman Kelus testانجام شد. تفاوت معنی داری بین فعالیت این آنزیم در ماهی های سفید دریائی، چاهی و رودخانه ای بدست آمد (001/0

Effect of stocking density on the growth of Gracilariopsis persica and Gracilaria corticata, with the potential for mariculture in Persian Gulf

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of initial stocking density of red algae Gracilaropsis persica and Gracilaria corticata on the growth and biomass production of these species. Three stocking densities of 50 gm^-1, 125 gm^-1 and 200 gm^-1 were used and algae cultivated in Persian Gulf (Bandar Abbas) in winter for 45 days. Algae collected from natural environment and cultivated on poly ethylene rope in the sea. Relative growth rate (RGR) and total biomass were measured fortnightly. Temperature, salinity, pH and nutrients (nitrate, nitrite and phosphate) were measured during the trial. The result of the present study showed that there were significant differences in growth rate between different treatments in both species (P<0.05). Algae that cultivated with 50 gm^-1 initial stocking density had the highest relative growth rate in both species. At the end of 45-day trial, total biomass was the highest in 200 gm^-1 treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the present study showed that the growth rate of Gracilariopsis persica was higher than Gracilaria corticata. The results of the present study showed that stocking density is able to affect the growth of red algae Gracilariopsis persica and Gracilaria corticata and Gracilariopsis persica have higher growth rate and better potential of commercial culture in the Persian Gulf compared to Gracilaria corticata

Determination of some seminal plasma indices, sperm density and sperm motility in the Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus

Some biological aspects of semen were investigated in the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, by determination of seminal plasma indices (ionic composition and osmolality), sperm density and their relationships with sperm motility. The osmolality of seminal plasma ranged from 42.00 to 111.00 mOsmol Kg-1. The concentrations of Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-), Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) ions were 62.44±6.82, 6.92±0.88, 21.11±5.41, 0.79± 0.03 and 0.52±0.03mM L-1, respectively. The sperm density was 8.34±1.38×109 spz/ml. The Sodium/Potassium and Calcium/Potassium ratios were 9.02 and 0.13, respectively. The following significant positive correlations were found between seminal plasma indices; osmolality - Cl- (r2= 0.492, P0.05). No relationship was observed between sperm density and its motility at the concentrations tested (r2= 0.015, P>0.05). The ionic composition and osmolality of seminal plasma reveals an inter-species specific as well high secretory activity of sperm duct. The clear differences observed in A. persicus should be considered when cryopreservation methods for sperm are developed in Acipenseridae species

Feed quality control of aquatic in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province

Nutrient and chemical composition, TVN, bacteria, yeast, mold and carcass performance, of aquatic feeds which make in this province were determined. In order to above investigation three commercial aquatic steam pelleted feeds samples for stage of growth and fattening were taken randomly from farm and aquatic factory product. In first trail feed sampled were analyzed for dry matter, crud protein, ether extract, ash, phosphorous, TVN, bacteria, yeast and mold computation. In second trial the experiment was carried out in complete random in design with four treatments and three replicate in each for effect of samples diets on feed consumption (FC), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), which were examined in Juveniles rainbow trout. This experiment were conducted on 3600 Juveniles rainbow trout with initial average weight of 80 gr, for 130 days after antiseptic processes in a pool of one fish producer in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The feed were given 3 times a day on biomass basis of pounds. During the experiment, once every two weeks, after anaesthetize, weights of 30 fishes in each pound were measuring. The results showed, diet crud protein were significantly differ (P<0.05) between many of feeds. In addition nutrient of diets were differ a little when compare with rainbow trout requirement. Crud protein, phosphorous and EE in starter, grower and finisher of diets were lower than rainbow trout requirement and differ was significant (P<0.05). The index of TVN that shows free nitrogen, were higher than standard in all samples. Bacteria, yeast and mold computation in different of feeds showed that main of total count, yeast and mold in diets of various stage for growth of rainbow trout were different with standards and the differ were higher significantly (P<0.05). The number of coliforms of diets was lower than that suggestion for rainbow trout diets

Treatment-related complications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of medical research council UKALL X

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms resulting from the proliferation of malignant lymphoid cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment-related complications in children with ALL receiving the Medical Research Council (MRC) UKALL X protocol. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, children with ALL receiving the MRC UKALL X protocol from 2008 to 2015 in Bahrami University Hospital, Iran, were enrolled. The clinical and morphological features were analysed and treatment-related complications were assessed. Results: Out of 67 children with ALL receiving the MRC UKALL X protocol, 44 (65.6 ) were boys and 23 (34.4) were girls. Seven patients (10.7) relapsed in the three years of diagnosis, and 50 children (74.6) had an overall survival of three years. Average age in three-year-survival group and mortality group was 6.92 (SD: 3.96) and 6.35 (SD: 7.47), respectively (P= 0.38). Conclusion: Overall survival and relapse rates in this study confirm that this protocol is an appropriate treatment strategy. © 2020, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

The risk factors of prostate cancer: A multicentric case-control study in Iran

Prostate cancer (PC), in Iran, is the third most frequently diagnosed visceral cancer among men and the seventh most common underlying cause of cancer mortality. We evaluated the relation between speculated factors and PC risk using data from a multicentric case-control study conducted in Iran from 2005 to 2007 on 130 cases of incident, clinicopathologically confirmed PC, and 75 controls admitted to the same network of hospitals without any malignant disease. Odds ratios(OR) and corresponding 95 confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. The risk of PC was increased with aging (OR: 5.35, 95 CI: 2.17-13.19; P<0.0001), and with the number of sexual intercourse �2 times/week (OR: 3.14, 95 CI: 1.2-8.2; P=0.02). One unit elevation in serum estradiol and testosterone concentration was related to increase (OR: 1.04, 95 CI: 1.01-1.06; P=0.006) and decrease (OR: 0.79; 95 CI: 0.64-0.96; P=0.02) of PC risk, respectively. Cases were less likely to have a history of diabetes (OR: 0.34, 95 CI: 0.12-0.98; P=0.04). Increasing in dietary consumption of lycopene and fat was associated with declined (OR: 0.45, 95 CI: 0.09-2.12) and increased (OR: 2.38, 95 CI: 0.29-19.4) PC development, respectively. Other factors including educational level, marriage status, dietary meat consumption, vasectomy and smoking have not been shown to affect PC risk in the Iranian population. Ourstudy adds further information on the potential risk factors of PC and is the first epidemiologic report from Iran. However, justification of these results requires more well-designed studies with a larger number of participants

Community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and practices towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription (DAwP): a cross-sectional survey in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices of community pharmacists towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription (DAwP) in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and February 2016 using a structured, validated, and pilot-tested questionnaire. A four-step systematic approach was used to recruit community pharmacists who completed a 28-item questionnaire either in English or Arabic language based on their personal preference. Results: Of the 200 community pharmacists approached, 189 completed the questionnaire. More than two-thirds (70.5%) of the pharmacists were not aware that DAwP is illegal practice. Lack of patient willingness to consult a physician for a non-serious infection (69.9%) and an inability to afford a consultation with a physician (65.3%) were the most common reasons cited for DAwP. A statistically significant association was found between the number of antibiotics dispensed and educating patients about the importance of adherence and completion of the full course of antibiotics (p = 0.007). Conclusions: In general, community pharmacists have a poor understanding of the regulations prohibiting the over-the-counter sale of antibiotics in Saudi Arabia, explaining the high rate of DAwP in the country. A multifaceted approach consisting of educational interventions and improving the access to and affordability of healthcare facilities for the general public is required to effectively reduce DAwP and its negative consequences on public health

Determining of DNA-barcoding of 6 – 8 species by partial sequencing of mtDNA (CO1) using molecular method (PCR-Sequencing)

Barcodes are short segments of DNA that can be used to uniquely identify an unknown specimen to species, particularly when diagnostic morphological features are absent. These sequences could offer a new forensic tool in plant and animal Conservation-especially for endangered species. It was proved that a small fragment of mitochondrial DNA from the 5′-end of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene as a reliable, quick and costeffective identification system for most Crustacea like shrimp. Take a look in DNA barcoding website show that there is a little data about Iranian shrimps which live in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this Study six species of shrimp: Fenoro penaeus indicus, Fenoro penaeus merguensis, penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis, Marsupenaeus japonicas, Fenoro penaeus penicillatus were collected from different stations in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. All materials were preserved in 70% ethanol and were shipped to the laboratory for taxonomic studies. After identification, the total DNA was extracted; COI gene was first amplified and then sequenced for each species. Finally the collected data were analyzed with the specific phylogenetic software. The results were amazing and the interesting part was that analytical methods for showing species relationship suggested that Fenoro penaeus penicillatus is closer to Marsupenaeus gnus than penaeus gnus. This finding needs more investigation to be proved. We suggest a workflow for DNA barcoding, including database generation and management, which will ultimately be necessary if we are to succeed to join universal DNA barcode for Crustacea

The performance of a heat pipe based solar PV/T roof collector and its potential contribution in district heating applications

Photovoltaic–thermal water collectors have the ability to convert solar energy into electricity and heat, simultaneously. Furthermore, the combination of photovoltaic–thermal solar collectors with a water cooling system can increase significantly the electrical and thermal efficiencies of the system, which can improve the total thermal efficiency of buildings. In this paper, the findings of six experimental configurations of solar-thermal collectors are presented and analysed. Five of the solar-thermal panel configurations were implemented with a cooling cycle. Two of the solar-thermal panels were equipped with monocrystalline silicon modules, the other two collectors were equipped with polycrystalline silicone modules, one of the collectors was based on heat pipe technology and was equipped with a cooling system, while the last collector did not include any cooling cycle. The duration of the experiments was four days during the September of 2014 and they were conducted under different solar radiation conditions. The second part of the paper presents the simulation results for five of the solar-thermal panels connected with a cooling water tank (volume of 500 litre), a domestic hot water tank (volume 350 litre) and a water-water heat pump, in terms of covering the hot water demands of a single family dwelling. The results showed that the hybrid solar collectors would be able to cover approximately 60% of the dwelling’s hot water needs for days with low levels of solar radiation, while for days with high solar radiation they could cover the hot water requirements of the family by 100%