Genetics of fertility restoration in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

ABSTRACT For employing diverse CMS lines belonging to different cytosterile sources in breeding programmes, knowledge on genetics of fertility restoration is pre requisite. With this objective an investigation was carried out to study the genetics on fertility restoration Fourteen crosses were made for studying the genetics of fertility restoration, five possessing PET1, three possessing PET 2, four with GIG1 and two with ARG cytoplasmic sources. Among these fourteen fertile crosses studied, F 2 segregation of 11 crosses revealed 3 : 1 ratio for fertile and sterile plants, respectively indicating the presence of a single dominant gene for fertility restoration. In the remaining three crosses, F 2 generation segregated in the ratio of 9 fertile and:7 sterile, suggesting the presence of two complementary genes for the fertility restoration

Isolation and Characterization of Two PHA Producing Strains Isolated from Soil Sample of Nalgonda District

Two whitish-colored gram-positive strains producing Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) were isolated from a soil sample from Nalgonda district in the Telangana state of India. With the help of Sudan black B staining, ten isolates with lipids, which showed bluish black color were selected from twenty-six bacterial strains which were selected randomly and purified from the serial diluted plate. Among ten isolates, 3D1 and 3D10 isolates were confirmed with Nile blue A and Nile Red staining for their PHA granules producing capacity. These two isolates grew optimally at a temperature of 37°C and a pH of 9. Furthermore, these strains were able to resist NaCl up to 10%, whereas, optimum NaCl required for the growth of 3D1 was 2%, but optimum NaCl required for the growth of 3D10 was shown to be 4%. PHAs produced by the two strains, 3D1 and 3D10, were extracted and quantified, which produced 68% PHA with a polymer concentration of 4.902 g/L and 61% PHA with a polymer concentration of 4.023 g/L, respectively. Biochemical, Morphological and Molecular characterization were performed on these two isolates. These two strains, 3D1 and 3D10, were closely related to Bacillus sonorensis with similarity of 99.51% and Bacillus safensis subsp. safensis with similarity of 99.66%, respectively. The 16S rDNA gene sequences of these two isolates were submitted to the NCBI Gene bank and the accession numbers were also sought

Genomic regions associated with resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population

Parents and 318 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross, TAG 24 × ICGV 86031 were evaluated for peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) resistance and agronomic traits under natural infestation of thrips at a disease hotspot location for 2 years. Significant genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction effects suggested role of environment in development and spread of the disease. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using QTL Cartographer identified a total of 14 QTL for six traits of which five QTL were for disease incidence. One quantitative trait locus q60DI located on LG_AhII was identified using both QTL Cartographer and QTL Network. Another QTL q90DI was detected with a high PVE of 12.57 using QTL Cartographer. A total of nine significant additive × additive (AA) interactions were detected for PBND disease incidence and yield traits with two and seven interactions displaying effects in favour of the parental and recombinant genotype combinations, respectively. This is the first attempt on QTL discovery associated with PBND resistance in peanut. Superior RILs identified in the study can be recycled or released as variety following further evaluations

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Not AvailableThe inheritance of resistance to castor wilt derived from ‘Haritha’and ‘48-1’conferring resistance to race 1 of the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. ricini has been determined. The F2 individuals and backcross F1 families of two crosses Haritha and ‘48-1’(resistant)בKranthi’(susceptible) were screened against Fusarium wilt in combined tests which indicated dominant control by single locus of tightly linked gene (s). Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was carried out on F2 and BC1F1 individuals with 186 RAPD primers that resulted in the identification of two RAPD markers linked to resistance that distinguished the bulks. Of these, the RAPD markers OPH-124973 and OPJ-154268 were tightly linked to ‘Haritha’and ‘48-1’at a distance of 5.0 cM and 7.0 cM to wilt resistance. These closely linked markers to the wilt resistance gene (s) provide a valuable basis for marker-assisted selection in castor breeding programs.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableCommercial hybrid development is one of the most common goals in crop improvement because it allows farmers to harvest considerably higher seed yields from a uniform crop with improved characteristics and enhanced crop efficiency due to the effects of heterosis. Male sterility is a practical method of producing single-cross hybrids because it eliminates the need for time-consuming and labor-intensive hand emasculation and provides 100% male sterility, consequently eliminating the possibility of selfing. Despite the availability of a large number of male sterility systems, only single-source PET-1 has been widely used world wide due to several advantages. The development of hybrids of sunflower has been investigated, and extensive efforts have been made to identify stable male sterility systems. Hybrids have several advantages over open-pollinated varieties, including higher seed yield (20–30%), greater uniformity in maturity and plant height, and the ability to be harvested at the same time, making them suitable for combine harvesting. They respond to high input agriculture and high autogamy, which reduces the urgency for bees for cross-pollination. F1 hybrids are more tolerant or resistant to major biotic and abiotic stresses. In this chapter, emphasis has been given to the significant achievements in the development of male sterility systems and commercial hybrid seed production in sunflower crops, and it discusses the drawbacks and perspectives of this technology. The use of biotechnological tools and highlighting the prospects of applications of molecular markers in the genetic improvement of sunflower is also discussed.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present study investigates genetic divergence among 84 fertility restorers and 32 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines of sunflower augmented from USDA, USA along with the popular Indian parental lines using simple sequence repeats (SSR). Thirty-nine polymorphic SSR primers produced 139 alleles with an average of 3.56 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.23 to 0.69 with an average of 0.45. The average genetic distance was 0.45 and 0.42 for the R and CMS lines, respectively. Dendrogram based on the dissimilarity coefficient matrix grouped the CMS and R lines into separate clusters except for Cluster A which consisted of all CMS lines along with five R lines. Genetic distance matrix estimated from three sets of mitochondrial primers (BOX, ERIC and REP) grouped the 32 CMS lines into eight clusters. The results suggest the existence of considerable genetic diversity among the restorer and CMS lines of sunflower obtained from USDA, USA.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present study investigates genetic divergence among 84 fertility restorers and 32 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines of sunflower augmented from USDA, USA along with the popular Indian parental lines using simple sequence repeats (SSR). Thirty-nine polymorphic SSR primers produced 139 alleles with an average of 3.56 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.23 to 0.69 with an average of 0.45. The average genetic distance was 0.45 and 0.42 for the R and CMS lines, respectively. Dendrogram based on the dissimilarity coefficient matrix grouped the CMS and R lines into separate clusters except for Cluster A which consisted of all CMS lines along with five R lines. Genetic distance matrix estimated from three sets of mitochondrial primers (BOX, ERIC and REP) grouped the 32 CMS lines into eight clusters. The results suggest the existence of considerable genetic diversity among the restorer and CMS lines of sunflower obtained from USDA, USANot Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of different bio-agents and chemicals against seed and soil borne diseases of safflower. Significantly low per cent disease incidence was recorded in treatments with bio-agents, Trichoderma harzianum Th4d SC @ 2ml/kg seed (36.8% for Alternaria leaf spot, 26.4% for wilt and 18.3% for blight) and Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf2 WP @5g/kg seed (38.2% for Alternaria leaf spot, 26.4% for wilt and 28.2% for blight), which are on par with chemical treatments. Further, T. harzianum and P. fluorescens seed treatments resulted in higher seed yields (924 kg/ha and 915 kg/ha, respectively) which are statistically at par with chemical treatment, carbendazim + mancozeb @ 0.2% (932 kg/ha).Not Availabl