Deformations of Existing Buildings, Caused by Construction Activities

Construction of a new building (NB) affects existing adjacent old buildings (OB) during pit excavation, piling, footing and NB erection. Two relevant history cases are described. In the first one, the graphs of OB settlements versus distance from the pit are given for the period of pit excavation and the total settlements for the period of NB erection. The second case gives the family of OB settlement time-related graphs versus distance from the pit, in which these settlements were caused by piling operations

Smart contract concept and signs: comparative legal analysis of the legislation in Russia, Belarus, the EU and the USA

The authors examined the concept and signs of a smart contract through a comparative legal analysis of the legislation of Russia, Belarus, the EU and the USA. The key characteristics of a smart contract as a contract, its types, ways of development and improvement are highlighted and substantiated, the examples of smart contracts from the practice of these countries are given, problematic aspects of legal regulation in this sphere are identifie

Modeling and simulation in tribology across scales: An overview

This review summarizes recent advances in the area of tribology based on the outcome of a Lorentz Center workshop surveying various physical, chemical and mechanical phenomena across scales. Among the main themes discussed were those of rough surface representations, the breakdown of continuum theories at the nano- and micro-scales, as well as multiscale and multiphysics aspects for analytical and computational models relevant to applications spanning a variety of sectors, from automotive to biotribology and nanotechnology. Significant effort is still required to account for complementary nonlinear effects of plasticity, adhesion, friction, wear, lubrication and surface chemistry in tribological models. For each topic, we propose some research directions

CARBON ENCAPSULATION OF MAGNETIC METAL NANOPARTICLES: CORRELATION BETWEEN NANOSCALE STRUCTURE OF CARBON MATRIX AND ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES

The dependence between the variation of microwave losses by a − C : H(Co) films measured at 10 GHz and alteration of Co content in the film was investigated. It was shown that microwave losses attain maximal value at approximately 33at.% of cobalt. This dependence may be explained in terms of the formation of Co-containing clusters having various shapes. Because of property of conductive flakes to absorb microwaves, fragments of graphene modified with Co are considered as candidates for the microwave absorption. Estimations of the flake size using Raman and transmission electron microscopy data allow reproduce initial conditions for mathematical simulation of physical properties of the flakes

The stop-flow arm equilibrium pressure in preoperative patients: Stressed volume and correlations with echocardiography

Background: The distending intravascular pressure at no flow conditions reflects the stressed volume. While this haemodynamic variable is recognised as clinically important, there is a paucity of reports of its range and responsiveness to volume expansion in patients without cardiovascular disease and no reports of correlations to echocardiographic assessments of left ventricular filling. Methods: Twenty-seven awake (13 male), spontaneously breathing patients without any history of cardiopulmonary, vascular or renal disease were studied prior to induction of anaesthesia. The no-flow equilibrium pressure in the arm following rapid circulatory occlusion (P arm ) was measured via a radial arterial catheter. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular end diastolic area and volume as well as the diameter of the inferior vena cava. The P arm and echocardiographic variables were measured before and after administration of 500 mL 0.9% NaCl over 10 minutes. Changes were analysed by paired t test, Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression. Results: P arm increased overall from 22 ± 5 mm Hg to 25 ± 6 mm Hg (mean difference 3.0 ± 4.5 mm Hg, P = 0.002) following the fluid bolus with corresponding increases in arterial pressure and echocardiographic variables. Variability in the direction of the P arm response reflected concomitant changes in vascular compliance. Only weak correlations were observed between changes in P arm and inferior vena cava diameter indexed to body surface area (R 2  = 0.29, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Preoperative measurements of P arm increased following acute expansion of the intravascular volume. Echocardiography demonstrated poor correlation with P arm