7 research outputs found
Efficiency of the data generated by the robotic milking system for comprehensive diagnosis of mastitis in cows
Early mastitis diagnosis and treatment play a significant role in reducing the disease incidence in a dairy herd. Examination of the animals (n = 61) milked with VMSβ’ V300 automated voluntary milking system (DeLaval, Sweden) showed that mean milk yield was 15.03 kg (min β 4.50 kg, max β 24.52 kg); mean milking time in the group was 8 min 14 sec (min β 5 min 24 sec, max β 12 min 29 sec) during the observation period equal to 10,300 milkings. Milking time for the majority of the cows (67.2%) complied with the standards and equaled to 4β7 min, mean milking time for 32.7% of the animals was 8 minutes. Mean interval between milkings in the test animal group was 11 hours 30 minutes (min β 6 h 04 min, max β 18 h 54 min). Mean electrical conductivity of the milk was 4.14 1/Om.cm3 for the whole group of animals. Determined mean mastitis detection index (MDi) was 1.6 and varied in the range of 1.03 to 1.41. Minimal and maximal MDi was 1.0 and 11.1, respectively. Diagnostically representative increase in MDi within 1.8β2.2 was observed in 24.6% of animals. Significant MDi increase to more than 2.2 was found in 21.3% of high-yielding cows. All animals with MDi higher than 1.8 (28 animals) were examined for mastitis. Inflammatory reactions in udder were detected in 28.6% of the animals, clinical and latent inflammations were detected in 7.1 and 21.4% of the cows, respectively. Tests of mammary gland secretion showed that average somatic cell count was up to 200 and 201β300 ths cells/mL in 45.9 and 37.7% of the animals, respectively. Udder secretions of 4.9% of cows contained 301β400 ths somatic cells/mL. In 9.8% of tested animals average somatic count was 401β700 ths somatic cells/mL, and in 1.6% of the animals β more than 701 ths somatic cells/mL. Microbiological and PCR tests of mammary gland secretion samples taken from the animals with mastitis detected the following contagious and coliform mastitis agents: Staphylococcus spp. (St. epidermidis, St. saprophyticus, St. haemolyticus), Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium. Various diagnostic techniques are found to be used for detection of mastitis in the herd and the data generated by robotic voluntary milking station such as mastitis detection index (MDi) can be used for earlier detection of changes in cowβs mammary gland
Clinical and morphological features of salmonellosis in cows and calves affected by heat stress
Exposure to abnormally high temperatures in the Middle Urals has ledtochronic heat stress in cattle. Despitethe measures taken toprotect thedairy herdfrom overheating (fans, irrigationwith coolwater, livestocksunshades), the heatstressunderminedtheimmunityofanimals, thus, leadingtoan excessiverisein Salmonella population in the gastrointestinal tract, increasedin test in alpermeability, and could also bethecause of increasedvirulence of such serotypes asΒ β Salmonella choleraesuis, that are not typical for cattle. The simultaneous presenceof twopathogensof Salmonella entericasubsp. entericaspecies: i.e.Β Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella choleraesuisΒ β causeda number of clinical and morphological changesin adultcows. In cows, the infection manifested itself by persistent diarrhea with mucus, reduced milkproduction and intoxication. In calves, the disease was accompanied by septic signs, severein toxication, hyperthermia (40.5β41.0Β Β°C), severed ehydration (morethan 7%) and death. Histopathological examination of bovineparenchymal organs revealed changes typical for salmonellos is pathological process: specific salmonella granulomas were foundin parenchymalorgans (liver, spleen). Some pathological processestypical for sepsiswere foundin other parenchymalorgans (kidneys, heart). The nature of pathological changes in dicates that there is as epticprocess that spreads both hematogenically and lymphogenically, and the structure of granulomas most likely indicates that such apathogen as Salmonelacholeraesuis circulates in cattle
Connective tissue dysplasia as a cause of low bone mineral density: a clinical case report
The article deals a clinical case of low bone mineral density as one of the manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD). We had analyzed other articles about pathogenesis of low bone mineral density of patients with CTD, diagnostic principles and therapy of this pathology.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ (ΠΠ‘Π’), ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π’, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
Quality profile of milk from high producing dairy cows vaccinated against mastitis
One of the raw milk quality criteria is the count of somatic cells, produced by the cowβs immune system to fight infectious diseases of the mammary gland. The paper presents the analysis of somatic cell count and total bacteria count of milk from cows, vaccinated against mastitis using Startvac vaccine. Tests were performed as a comparison between a dairy unit and a farm under different management conditions and using different milking techniques. Six months after the start of the vaccine application the somatic cell count at the dairy unit decreased by 60 thousand/ml, at the farm by 182 thousand/ml. The agent profile was represented by the following bacteria: EntΠ΅rococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, EntΠ΅rococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Lactobacillus were also isolated from udder secretion. After a year of immunization somatic cell count both at the unit and on the farm decreased by 245 and 216 thousand/ml respectively; it is noteworthy that 43.75% of microflora isolated from mammary gland secretion was represented by Streptococcus spp. After two years of the vaccine use the somatic cell count was equal to 371 and 725 thousand/ml at the unit and on the farm respectively. Tests of mammary gland secretions revealed Streptococcus spp. in 27.27% of cases, Staphylococcus aureus and EntΠ΅rococcus faecium were isolated in 18.18% of tested samples. It was established that after three years of the vaccine use the major cause of mastitis in cows was Streptococcus spp. (55.00%). During four years of tests, a downward trend in somatic cell count of bulk milk from high producing dairy cows as well as in the number of agents responsible for inflammation in a mammary gland was detected. Somatic cell count of milk from vaccinated animals decreased by 286 and 432 thousand/ml at the unit and on the farm respectively. During the test period Staphylococcus aureus isolation rate declined by 19.41%
Connective tissue dysplasia as a cause of low bone mineral density: a clinical case report
The article deals a clinical case of low bone mineral density as one of the manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD). We had analyzed other articles about pathogenesis of low bone mineral density of patients with CTD, diagnostic principles and therapy of this pathology.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ (ΠΠ‘Π’), ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π’, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ