One size fits all? High frequency trading, tick size changes and the implications for exchanges: market quality and market structure considerations

This paper offers a systematic review of the empirical literature on the implications of tick size changes for exchanges. Our focus is twofold: first, we are concerned with the market quality implications of a change in the minimum tick size. Second, we are interested in the implications of changes in the minimum tick size on market structure. We show that there is a large body of empirical literature that documents a decrease in transaction costs following a decrease in the minimum tick size. However, even though market liquidity increases, the incentive to provide market making activities decreases. We document a strong link between the minimum tick size regulations and the recent increase in high frequency trading activity. A smaller tick enhances the price discovery process. However, the question of how multiple tick size regimes affect market liquidity in a fragmented market remains to be answered. Finally, we identify topics for future research; we discuss the empirical literature on the minimum trade unit and the recent calls for a minimum resting time for quotes

Evoked brain potentials in the diagnosis of epilepsy in patients of different age groups

Epilepsy continues to occupy one of the leading places in the structure of neurological diseases. The stability of epilepsy remission is one of the topical problems. The course and prognosis of epilepsy and therapy choice have their features in adolescents and elderly persons. Investigation of evoked brain potentials permits judgment of remission stability and promotes the simulation of the pathogenesis of epilepsy