A transition to knowledge-intensive service activities in power industry: A theoretical framework

The current smart energy transition is accompanied by major transformations in the aspects of technology, market, and organization. The intensive adoption of digital technology in energy production, the rapid spread of distributed generation, micro-grids and energy storage and accumulation solutions, and an ever-increasing integration between the energy sector and other critical infrastructure sectors have brought about fundament changes in the relationships between energy companies and the market. This creates a strong demand for versatile support services for these processes. The article makes an attempt to construct a conceptual framework for and to outline the tasks and goals of knowledge-intensive services in the new energy industry. The author provides justification for the key properties of knowledge-intensive services that include adaptability, the capability of self-tuning, a wide use of information and telecommunication technologies, a tendency to use a pro-active approach to systems and process management, and the availability of staff with outstanding qualifications. The author has developed a conceptual model of knowledge-intensive services in the energy sector that makes it possible to group the service segments by the dimensions of “energy market optimization and customer relations”, “asset lifecycle management”, “organizational flexibility of energy market agents”. Recommendations are given as to how to develop knowledge-intensive service activities in energy companies, including through the creation of corporate platforms and smart partnerships with universities and science. © 2019 WIT PressACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work was supported by Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006

BEEM imaging and spectroscopy of buried structures in semiconductors

Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy (BEEM) has been shown to be a powerful tool for nanometer-scale characterization of the spatial and electronic properties of semiconductor structures. In this article, we will discuss general aspects of BEEM experiment and theory in true ballistic and quasi-ballistic hot carrier transport. We will review the current state and recent progress in the use of the BEEM imaging and spectroscopy to study metal-semiconductor and metal-insulator-semiconductor interfaces, buried semiconductor heterojunctions and novel quantum objects. Various theoretical BEEM models are discussed, and their ability to describe BEEM experiments is examined. Special attention is drawn to the role of the electron scattering in the metal base layer, at the metal-semiconductor interface and in the semiconductor heterostructure on BEEM spectra

Managers for sustainable electric power industry of tomorrow

To be able to lead a large-scale technological overhaul of the electricity generation sector and actively operate in energy markets, it is necessary to substantially increase the professional level of management. Moreover, there is no doubt that the social responsibility of power engineering as a vital infrastructure industry will only continue to increase, competition will intensify while the existing shortage of knowledge will grow. This is happening amid overall instability, uneven and chaotic demand for energy on the part of economic systems. On the other hand, energy consumers, investors and society as a whole are putting an increasing emphasis on reliability, pricing transparency and environmental impacts. The study provides substantiation and a new research and methodology platform for forward-looking education of energy managers. Its purpose is to equip professionals with knowledge and competencies that they will need for working in emerging technological and organisational and economic systems that will be based on new principles and will function in a turbulent external environment. The global energy education is used as an example of building educational content and methodology for the forward-looking training of future energy leaders. © 2018 WIT PressACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006

A methodological framework for organizational risk management in energy companies

Energy production has always been associated with a number of operational (technological) risks as well as risks resulting from external events. A large number of tools has emerged recently that utilize complex software solutions to minimize such risks, which shows in a significant reduction of failures at energy facilities in the past few years and a growth in the key performance indicators of energy businesses. The most difficult ones to assess and prevent are organizational risks. The probability of such risks increases alongside the progress of structural transformations in the global energy sector. Such risks, despite their internal nature, are capable of triggering serious deformations within the governance system of an energy company and, given the specific features of the energy sector, lead to a sharp performance drop across the industry. The article presents a methodological framework for operational risk management in energy companies that is based upon the idea of identifying the priority results of companies’ performance. The proposed methodology is essentially about forming the risk space of an energy company and using it as a basis for quantitative assessment of the probability of risk events. This will in turn make it possible to identify critical organizational risks, assess anticipated damage and think of preventive management impact to offset the risk events. © 2017 WIT Press.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract No 02. A03.21.0006

Condensation of Silica Nanoparticles on a Phospholipid Membrane

The structure of the transient layer at the interface between air and the aqueous solution of silica nanoparticles with the size distribution of particles that has been determined from small-angle scattering has been studied by the X-ray reflectometry method. The reconstructed depth profile of the polarizability of the substance indicates the presence of a structure consisting of several layers of nanoparticles with the thickness that is more than twice as large as the thickness of the previously described structure. The adsorption of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine molecules at the hydrosol/air interface is accompanied by the condensation of anion silica nanoparticles at the interface. This phenomenon can be qualitatively explained by the formation of the positive surface potential due to the penetration and accumulation of Na+ cations in the phospholipid membrane.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Fulfilling the potential of nuclear power industry through demand side management

The study analyzes the feasibility and ways of including nuclear power plants (NPPs) in demand side management (DSM) programs. Reducing peak load on energy systems is of high interest to nuclear energy managers because the load grows and so does the share of base load, providing an impetus for the construction of new NPPs in regions. The authors propose the principles and mechanisms of DSM and a system of organizational and economic measures that would encourage energy companies to get actively engaged in DSM programs. It is shown that it is appropriate to consider DSM as a way of improving the flexibility characteristics of new NPPs, such as their increasing their capacity factor, boosting output while reducing costs and, therefore, increasing their profitability. © 2017 WIT Press

Factoring environment into electrification management in a region

Electrification is an integrated continuous process of production, transmission, distribution and use of electric power in a region's economy. Analysis of global trends shows that demand for electric power as the most advanced and flexible energy carrier has been growing as many countries are in transition to a new industrial landscape. Along with that, the energy provision of industrial and domestic processes is becoming more intellect-intensive, while environmental issues are receiving special attention. This determines the relevance of the study. The authors have designed a methodology for factoring the environment into regional electrification programs. The methodology includes the following steps: ranking and selecting facilities to be electrified based on the criterion of minimal values of the 'electricity-for-fuel substitution coefficient'; application of the energy and economic effect to financially compensate for environmental impacts; introduction of demand side management programs that help improve the environmental situation in the region. An 'ideal' structural model of electrification is proposed for regions with high eco-loads. The model combines a method for selecting facilities to be electrified, pro-active energy conservation, adding more energy installations utilizing carbon-neutral fuels to the power generating system. © 2018 WIT Press.ACKNOWLEDGMENT The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract No 02. A03.21.0006

Asset Management in Grid Companies Using Integrated Diagnostic Devices

The digitization of power grids envisages a transition to new models of fault diagnosis, repair and maintenance of electric power grid equipment. The most promising tools for implementing advanced production asset management strategies are integrated technologies that are based on robotic diagnostic platforms, various hardware–software instruments and smart data analysis systems. The article analyzes other countries’ experience of developing robotic methods of fault diagnosis and maintenance of overhead power transmission lines, which present a major challenge in terms of monitoring, failure prediction and localized repairs. The Cablewalker robotic system was used as an example for identifying the advantages of integrated diagnostic hardware systems as opposed to traditional methods of power grid equipment maintenance and overhaul. Recommendations are given for adopting the technology in grid companies. During trials of the technology on a 2.34-km section of a power transmission line 112 defects were detected versus three that were identified by means of ‘manual’ inspection. A digital twin of the transmission line was created to manage its technical condition with regard to various risks.The work was supported by Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006

Imitation forecast of railway system operation in a macroregion

The article describes an analytical and information system that was used for forecasting the operation parameters of the railway system in a macroregion of Russia - the Far North. Its economy is focused on the extraction and processing of hydrocarbons, metal production, construction materials, and generate large volumes of exports and inter-regional cargo flows. The region covers an expansive territory and is characterized by harsh weather, an extreme environment, and uneven development of the transportation network. Research into the transportation issues of economic development in such areas presents a challenging task because the region is unique, statistical data are incomplete and classified; there is a hierarchy of businesses and organizations operating in the region that have their own goals and objectives and compete against its other; the region is plagued with social and environmental problems and a lack of administrative integration between individual districts. Using rigorous mathematical tools for assessing transportation infrastructure projects under such conditions is only limited to finding solutions to stand-alone problems and scenario comparison. A model of the applied system that is outlined in the article makes it possible to analyze specific projects of regional railway system development that take into account strategic priorities and goals of the state, social and economic development problems experienced by the neighboring regions, the oil and gas sector and major employers, as well as corporate goals of the sustainable development of railway companies. The application of the model over an extended period of time showed that the analysis of the structure of cargo flows and customers bound to junctions of the transportation network makes it possible to suggest what aspects of the railway infrastructure should be reorganized in line with the development dynamics of economic entities that consume transportation services. The study is built upon a number of projects that were implemented in the north of Tyumen Region and the Yamal- Nenets and Khanty-Mansi autonomous areas of Russia. © 2018 WIT Press.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006