Ohtahara syndrome - early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with characteristic pattern on electroencephalograph - "suppression burst"

Rana epileptička encefalopatija ili Ohtahara sindrom (OS) jedan je od najranijih oblika dobno ovisne encefalopatije, koja se javlja u prva tri mjeseca života, a obilježena je učestalim toničkim spazmima, suppression burst (S-B) zapisom u EEG-u i tvrdokornošću na terapiju antiepilepticima. Cilj našeg rada je opisati kliničku sliku, EEG osobitosti, etiologiju napadaja te karakterističan prijelaz u druge oblike epileptičkih sindroma. Opisali smo devetero djece s Ohtahara sindromom. Najučestaliji uzrok bile su kortikalne razvojne anomalije mozga, a tip napadaja tonički spazmi. Gotovo u sve djece bio je prisutan S-B zapis u EEG-u. Pratili smo i evaluaciju u druge sindrome: Westov sindrom (WS) i Lenox-Gastautov sindrom (L-GS). Ohtahara sindrom je encefalopatija rane dječje dobi s karakterističnom etiologijom i kliničkom slikom te specifičnim suppression-burst zapisom (S-B) u EEG-u, različitim odstupanjima u neurorazvojnom ishodu te zahtijeva posebne i detaljne pretrage.Ohtahara syndrome (OS) is the earliest type of infantile epileptic encephalopathy, the age of onset is during the first three months of age. It is characterized by frequent tonic spasms, suppression- burst pattern in electroencephalograph (EEG) recording and resistance to drug treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical symptoms, EEG characteristics, etiology and transition into other epileptic syndromes. We describe 9 children with OS. The most common cause of OS were anomalies of the cortical development and the most common type of seizures tonic spasms. The EEG pattern of OS was a suppression burst (S-B) pattern in all children. Follow-up during infancy showed that OS evolved into West syndrome (WS) and Lenox Gastaut syndrome (L-GS). OS is early epileptic encephalopathy with a characteristic clinic picture, heterogeneic etiology, characteristic EEG pattern of suppression – burst, and different neurologic outcome requiering special and detailed investigation

Equivalence of Kinetic Theories of Bose-Einstein Condensation

We discuss the equivalence of two non-equilibrium kinetic theories that describe the evolution of a dilute, Bose-Einstein condensed atomic gas in a harmonic trap. The second-order kinetic equations of Walser et al. [PRA 63, 013607 (2001)] reduce to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and the quantum Boltzmann equation in the low and high temperature limits, respectively. These kinetic equations can thus describe the system in equilibrium (finite temperature) as well as in non-equilibrium (real time). We have found this theory to be equivalent to the non-equilibrium Green's function approach originally proposed by Kadanoff and Baym and more recently applied to inhomogeneous trapped systems by M. Imamovi\'c-Tomasovi\'c and A. Griffin [arXiv:cond-mat/9911402].Comment: REVTeX3, 6 pages, 2 eps figures, published version, minor change

Bose condensates in a harmonic trap near the critical temperature

The mean-field properties of finite-temperature Bose-Einstein gases confined in spherically symmetric harmonic traps are surveyed numerically. The solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) and Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) equations for the condensate and low-lying quasiparticle excitations are calculated self-consistently using the discrete variable representation, while the most high-lying states are obtained with a local density approximation. Consistency of the theory for temperatures through the Bose condensation point requires that the thermodynamic chemical potential differ from the eigenvalue of the GP equation; the appropriate modifications lead to results that are continuous as a function of the particle interactions. The HFB equations are made gapless either by invoking the Popov approximation or by renormalizing the particle interactions. The latter approach effectively reduces the strength of the effective scattering length, increases the number of condensate atoms at each temperature, and raises the value of the transition temperature relative to the Popov approximation. The renormalization effect increases approximately with the log of the atom number, and is most pronounced at temperatures near the transition. Comparisons with the results of quantum Monte Carlo calculations and various local density approximations are presented, and experimental consequences are discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 11 embedded figures, revte

Perikardni izliv kao inicijalna prezentacija novodijagnostikovane primarne hipotiroze – prikaz slučaja

Uvod i cilj. Hipotiroza je često endokrinološko oboljenje, sa širokim spektrom kliničke prezentacije: od asimptomatske do multiorganske, koja prognostički može biti ozbiljna. Atipične prezentacije hipotiroze retko mogu biti i inicijalne, poput perikardnog izliva (PI). Prikazujemo bolesnika sa novodijagnostikovanom primarnom hipotirozom, prezentovanom simptomima i znacima srčane insuficijencije, sa ehokardiografski detektovanim PI. Metode. Bolesnik je obrađen klinički, elektrokardiografski, laboratorijski i ultrasonografski (štitasta žlezda i srce). Rezultati. Muškarac star 47 godina se javlja u hitnu internističku ambulantu zbog otoka nogu, lica i zamaranja, trajanja oko godinu dana. Anamnestički bez poznatih komorbiditeta. Objektivno se kod hipometaboličnog bolesnika sa JVP 1+, bez prisustva Bekove trijade, detektuju pretibijalni edemi, bez drugog patološkog nalaza po sistemima. TA 110/70 mmHg, P 56/min. EKG: sinusni ritam, frekvence oko 55/min, niže voltaže, bez ST i T promena. U laboratorijskim analizama beleže se blaga normocitna anemija, HLP 2b i povišene vrednosti CK i transaminaza. TFT ukazuju na autoimunsku primarnu hipotirozu (TSH 35, FT4 <1.93, Anti TPO 234). Ehokardiografski nalaz ukazuje na cirkularni PI, bez znakova preteće tamponade, dok ultrazvuk štitaste žlezde odgovara hroničnom tiroiditisu. Vrednosti tumorskih i sistemskih autoimunskih markera su bez odstupanja. Započinje se postepenom supstitucijom levotiroksinom. Kontrolna ehokardiografska studija (pet nedelja nakon inicijalne) ukazuje na smanjenje PI, dok se laboratorijski registruje pad nivoa TSH (6.35). Zaključak. PI je retka inicijalna prezentacija hipotiroze, koja ako se prepozna blagovremeno, sprečava razvoj ozbiljnog kardiovaskularnog morbiditeta. Potrebno je, posebno kod mlađih bolesnika, razmotriti postojanje pridruženih uzroka PI (SBVT, maligne i infektivne bolesti), koji se klinički mogu prezentovati mitigirano.KES2022 : 8. Kongres endokrinologa Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, Nov 30 - Dec 3, 2022, Beogra

Differences between normal and pathological aging –the basis for the gerontological rehabilitation

Cilj Fokusirano prikazati čimbenike koji utječu na nastanak bolesti i funkcionalne onesposobljenosti u starijih osoba te istaknuti razlike između fiziološkog i bolesnog starenja. Metode Gerontološko-javnozdravstvene analize na temelju utvrđivanja, praćenja i evaluacije gerontološko-javnozdravstvenih pokazatelja o hospitalnom morbiditetu i invaliditetu u starijih osoba. Rezultati Najučestaliji uzroci hospitalizacija starijih osoba (1-5) u Hrvatskoj (2014. god.) su: na prvom mjestu bolesti iz cirkulacijskog sustava (68,3/1000),slijede novotvorine (45,2/1000), na trećem mjestu bolesti oka i očnih adneksa (26,4/1000), potom bolesti probavnog sustava (23,5/1000),te ozljede, otrovanja i ostale posljedice vanjskih uzroka(19,3/1000). Prema Registru osoba s invaliditetom u Republici Hrvatskoj (2012.god.) 38% je starijih od 65 godina od ukupnog broja registriranih osoba s invaliditetom (N=519.368).Na prvom mjestu su rangirana oštećenja lokomotornog sustava, koja čine oko 30% uzroka invaliditeta u starijih osoba. Zaključak U cilju sprječavanja bolesti i ovisnosti starijih o tuđoj njezi i pomoći, potrebno je pravovremeno utvrditi funkcionalnu onesposobljenost, rizične čimbenike za nastanak bolesnog starenja te negativno zdravstveno ponašanje. Sveobuhvatna gerijatrijska procjena zasniva se na individualnom gerontološkom, biopsihosocijalnom pristupu starijoj osobi u svrhe prevencije bolesti, liječenja i rehabilitacije gerijatrijskog bolesnika te doprinosi pravodobnoj i primjerenoj gerijatrijskoj zdravstvenoj intervenciji.Aim The aim is to highlight the factors that influence the occurrence of the disease and functional disability among the elderly as well as differences between normal and pathologic aging. Methods Gerontologicalpublic health analysis based on the identification, monitoring and evaluation of gerontological public health indicators of hospital morbidity and disability in the elderly. Result The most common causes of hospitalization of the elderly (1-5) in Croatia (2014) are: first disease of the circulatory system (68.3/1,000), followed by tumors (45.2/1,000), third in eye diseases and adnexa (26.4/1,000), followed by diseases of the digestive system (23.5/1,000) and injuries, poisonings and other consequences of external causes (18.0/1,000). Diseases of the circulatory system (27.4/1000, 2014) and neoplasms (rate of 12.9/1000, 2014) are the most common cause of death in elderly people. The elderly made up 38% of the total number of registered people with disabilities (N = 519,368) according to the Croatia’s Disabilities Registry (2012). The most common disability was the damage of the locomotor system, which makes up about 30% of the total causes of disability among the elderly (Croatia’s Disabilities Registry,2012). Conclusion In order to prevent illness and old-age dependency on others for care and assistance, it is necessary to timely determine functional disability, risk factors for the occurrence of pathological aging and negative health behavior.Comprehensive geriatric assessment is based on individual gerontology, biopsychosocial approach to the elderly for the purposes of disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of geriatric patients, and it contributes to the timely and adequate geriatric health intervention

Collisionless dynamics of dilute Bose gases: Role of quantum and thermal fluctuations

We study the low-energy collective oscillations of a dilute Bose gas at finite temperature in the collisionless regime. By using a time-dependent mean-field scheme we derive for the dynamics of the condensate and noncondensate components a set of coupled equations, which we solve perturbatively to second order in the interaction coupling constant. This approach is equivalent to the finite-temperature extension of the Beliaev approximation and includes corrections to the Gross-Pitaevskii theory due both to quantum and thermal fluctuations. For a homogeneous system we explicitly calculate the temperature dependence of the velocity of propagation and damping rate of zero sound. In the case of harmonically trapped systems in the thermodynamic limit, we calculate, as a function of temperature, the frequency shift of the low-energy compressional and surface modes.Comment: 26 pages, RevTex, 8 ps figure