Estudio de la degradación de los aceites de oliva sometidos a fritura. I. Determinación estadística del parámetro que mejor cuantifica esta degradación

On designing this experiment, besides estimating the initial homogeneity of the six oils, which have been studied, all the factors are controlled in a way that only one variable namely, thermoxidation affects the degradation. After the corresponding statistical treatment of the results had been carried out, the conclusion reached was that polar fraction parameter results to been the most specific, besides being the one that best measures the alteration of the heated olive oils.Al diseñar este experimento además de presuponer una homogeneidad inicial en los seis aceites estudiados, se controlaron todos los factores, de forma, que sólo hubiera una variable, la termooxidación, que afectase a la degradación. La conclusión a la que se llegó, después del correspondiente tratamiento estadístico de los resultados, es que el parámetro fracción polar es el más específico y el que mejor mide la alteración de los aceites de oliva calentados

Combination of KIR2DS4 and FcγRIIa polymorphisms predicts the response to cetuximab in KRAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer

Cetuximab is a standard-of-care treatment for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) but not for those harbor a KRAS mutation since MAPK pathway is constitutively activated. Nevertheless, cetuximab also exerts its effect by its immunomodulatory activity despite the presence of RAS mutation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of polymorphism FcγRIIIa V158F and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on the outcome of mCRC patients with KRAS mutations treated with cetuximab. This multicenter Phase II clinical trial included 70 mCRC patients with KRAS mutated. We found KIR2DS4 gene was significantly associated with OS (HR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.08–4.77; P = 0.03). In non-functional receptor homozygotes the median OS was 2.6 months longer than in carriers of one copy of full receptor. Multivariate analysis confirmed KIR2DS4 as a favorable prognostic marker for OS (HR 6.71) in mCRC patients with KRAS mutation treated with cetuximab. These data support the potential therapeutic of cetuximab in KRAS mutated mCRC carrying non-functional receptor KIR2DS4 since these patients significantly prolong their OS even after heavily treatment. KIR2DS4 typing could be used as predictive marker for identifying RAS mutated patients that could benefit from combination approaches of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and other immunotherapies to overcome the resistance mediated by mutation in RAS.This clinical trial was approved and supported by Merck S.L., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt. Germany [research project number 2010-023580-18, date: 05-06-2014

Estudio de la degradación de los aceites de oliva sometidos a fritura. I. Determinación estadística del parámetro que mejor cuantifica esta degradación

On designing this experiment, besides estimating the initial homogeneity of the six oils, which have been studied, all the factors are controlled in a way that only one variable namely, thermoxidation affects the degradation.
 After the corresponding statistical treatment of the results had been carried out, the conclusion reached was that polar fraction parameter results to been the most specific, besides being the one that best measures the alteration of the heated olive oils.<br><br>Al diseñar este experimento además de presuponer una homogeneidad inicial en los seis aceites estudiados, se controlaron todos los factores, de forma, que sólo hubiera una variable, la termooxidación, que afectase a la degradación.
 La conclusión a la que se llegó, después del correspondiente tratamiento estadístico de los resultados, es que el parámetro fracción polar es el más específico y el que mejor mide la alteración de los aceites de oliva calentados

Author Correction: Combination of KIR2DS4 and FcγRIIa polymorphisms predicts the response to cetuximab in KRAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (Scientific Reports, (2019), 9, 1, (2589), 10.1038/s41598-019-39291-2)

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author P. Garcia-Alfonso, which was incorrectly given as P. Garcia. This error has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of this Article

An updated examination of the perception of barriers for pharmacogenomics implementation and the usefulness of drug/gene pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determine an association between biomarkers and response to genomic medicine. This survey was compared to a previous survey performed in 2014 to assess progress in the region. The search results indicated that Latin American and Caribbean countries have contributed 3.44% of the total publications and 2.45% of the PGx-related clinical trials worldwide thus far. A total of 106 professionals from 17 countries answered the survey. Six major groups of barriers were identified. Despite the region’s continuous efforts in the last decade, the primary barrier to PGx implementation in LAC remains the same, the “need for guidelines, processes, and protocols for the clinical application of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics”. Cost-effectiveness issues are considered critical factors in the region. Items related to the reluctance of clinicians are currently less relevant. Based on the survey results, the highest ranked (96%–99%) gene/drug pairs perceived as important were CYP2D6/tamoxifen, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioids, DPYD/fluoropyrimidines, TMPT/thiopurines, CYP2D6/tricyclic antidepressants, CYP2C19/tricyclic antidepressants, NUDT15/thiopurines, CYP2B6/efavirenz, and CYP2C19/clopidogrel. In conclusion, although the global contribution of LAC countries remains low in the PGx field, a relevant improvement has been observed in the region. The perception of the usefulness of PGx tests in biomedical community has drastically changed, raising awareness among physicians, which suggests a promising future in the clinical applications of PGx in LAC