The influence of biological products and growth regulators on the yield and quality indicators of pea seeds of various varieties

Abstract Peas are an important agricultural crop of great importance in human and animal nutrition. Peas, being a legume crop, help replenish nitrogen reserves in the soil. In field studies of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Goat Crops (Oryol region), the influence of various growth regulators and biological products on the yield and quality indicators of pea seeds of the Nord and Multik varieties was studied. Pea plants are grown on dark gray forest, medium loamy soil of average cultivation. Before sowing, pea seeds were treated with solutions of Kornevin, Albit and Epin-extra by soaking for 5 hours. Solutions of the drugs were used at a concentration of 10-6 M, then dried and treated with Rizotorfin before sowing. Growth rates during the growing season and the yield of pea plants were determined. The content of protein, starch and amylose in starch was determined in the seeds. Research results have shown that the yield of pea plants depends on weather conditions. Under favorable weather conditions, the highest yield was obtained from the pea variety Nord (42.2 c/ha) in the variant with seed treatment with Kornevin, and in the Multik variety (43.0 c/ha) when treated with Rizotorfin. In arid conditions, the highest yield of peas of the Nord variety was obtained using the preparations Epin-extra and Kornevin. The highest yield of peas of the Multik variety was obtained using the preparations Rizotorfin, Kornevin and Epin-Extra. The research results, confirmed by statistical evaluation, showed that bioregulators and growth regulators help stimulate the amount of nitrogen supplied to plants, as well as the synthetic processes of protein synthesis. This contributed to improving the quality of seeds and green mass

Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics to Better Understand Physiological Changes During Pregnancy and Neonatal Life.

Pregnant women, fetuses, and newborns are particularly vulnerable patient populations. During pregnancy, the body is subject to physiological changes that influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Inappropriate dosing in pregnant women can result in sub-therapeutic or toxic effects, putting not only the pregnant woman but also her fetus at risk. During neonatal life, maturation processes also affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Inappropriate dosing in newborns leads not only to short-term complications but can also have a negative impact on the long-term development of infants and children. For these reasons, it is crucial to characterize physiological changes in pregnant women, describe placental transfer kinetics of drugs, and describe physiological changes related to the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life and maturation processes in preterm and term neonates. Quantitative pharmacological approaches such as pharmacometric and physiologically-based modeling and model-based simulations can be useful to better understand and predict such physiological changes and their effects on drug exposure and response. This review article (1) gives an overview of physiological changes in pregnant women, their fetuses, and (pre)term neonates, (2) presents case studies to illustrate applications of new modeling and simulation approaches, and (3) discusses challenges and opportunities in optimizing and personalizing treatments during pregnancy and neonatal life

Utility of circulating tumor DNA in cancer diagnostics with emphasis on early detection

Abstract Various recent studies have focused on analyzing tumor genetic material released into the blood stream, known as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Herein, we describe current research on the application of ctDNA to cancer management, including prognosis determination, monitoring for treatment efficacy/relapse, treatment selection, and quantification of tumor size and disease burden. Specifically, we examine the utility of ctDNA for early cancer diagnostics focusing on the development of a blood test to detect cancer in asymptomatic individuals by sequencing and analyzing mutations in ctDNA. Next, we discuss the prospect of using ctDNA to test for cancer, and present our calculations based on previously published empirical findings in cancer and prenatal diagnostics. We show that very early stage (asymptomatic) tumors are not likely to release enough ctDNA to be detectable in a typical blood draw of 10 mL. Data are also presented showing that mutations in circulating free DNA can be found in healthy individuals and will likely be very difficult to distinguish from those associated with cancer. We conclude that the ctDNA test, in addition to its high cost and complexity, will likely suffer from the same issues of low sensitivity and specificity as traditional biomarkers when applied to population screening and early (asymptomatic) cancer diagnosis