Lipid peroxidation processes in women with chronic parenteral viral hepatitis

Increased percentage of incidence of chronic parenteral viral hepatitis in women is an negative sign. The objective of this study was to identify features of the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense system in women of reproductive age with the chronic form of parenteral viral hepatitis depending on a degree of infection process activity. The study involved 44 women with chronic parenteral viral hepatitis (including 24 patients with minimum and low degrees of activity and 20 patients with moderate and high degrees of activity) and 28 healthy women of the same age. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Patients with minimum and low degrees of activity of chronic parenteral viral hepatitis had lower levels of diene conjugates - 22.6 % less, an increased TBA-reactive product level - 53.4 % less, reducing superoxide dismutase activity (21.2 %) compared with the control. In the group with moderate and high activities of chronic parenteral viral hepatitis TBA-reactive product level was increased by 2.3 times and superoxide dismutase activity was decreased by 20.7 % in comparison with the control. The chronic form of parenteral viral hepatitis was characterized by the series of metabolic disorders depending on the degree of inflammatory process activity. This requires a more careful approach to therapeutic and diagnostic activities

Activity of lipid peroxidation processes in pregnant women with chronic viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is a traditionally complexglobal problem for humans and is still far from being solved. For the last decade the incidence of chronic viral hepatitis in the Russian Federation has grown by 2.2 times. Many researchers point out aggravating mutual influence of viral hepatitis and рregnancy. The severity and development prognosis of liver diseases are closely interlinked with the functional state of oxidant and antioxidant systems of hepatocytes. Objective is to estimate the intensity rate of liрid peroxidation in рregnant women with chronic viral hepatitis. The material for biochemical studies was blood plasma. The content of the substrates for Ирid peroxidation - compounds with isolated double bonds and the products of lipid peroxidation processes (diene conjugates, ketodienes and conjugated trienes, thiobarbituric acid active products] was determined with spektrofluorofotometre "SHIMADZU-1501" (Japan]. We used modern spectrophotometric and statistical methods. It was found that there is increased activity of Ирid oxidation in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Blood plasma levels of intermediate and final products of Ирid peroxidation are significantly elevated in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, compared to the control groups. Increase in plasma peroxidation products indicates the рresence of oxidative stress in patients with viral hepatitis. Study of parameters of liрid peroxidation is an informative method for the correction of the disease in рregnant women with chronic viral hepatitis

HIV and pregnancy: realities of XXI century

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed 34 million lives so far. 38 million people are living with HIV around the world. 2 million of these people are children. The high medical, social and economic significance of HIV infection is determined by the widespread and severe course of the disease. Every year, up to 2.7 million new infections are registered worldwide. Up to 30 % of cases of HIV infection in pregnant women are detected for the first time during pregnancy-related examinations. Every year, 1.49 million babies are born to HIV-positive women worldwide. The current tasks are to preserve the health of women and reduce the risk of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child. The article analyzes the results of Russian and foreign studies concerning the problems of pregnant HIV-positive women, published in international databases. The aim of the work is to analyze the data of studies aimed at studying the effect of HIV infection on the course of pregnancy

Features of the Functional State of the Hypophysis-Ovarian System and Processes of Lipid Peroxidation – Antioxidant Protection in Women with Hyperandrogenism of Ovary Genesis in the Early Reproductive Period

Background. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the early reproductive period have hormonal and metabolic dysfunction and an increased risk of long-term health consequences. The article presents the results of the study of hormonal indicators and the parameters of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection in women  with polycystic ovary syndrome in early period of reproductive age (from 18 to 35 years old).Aim: evaluation of the functional state of the pituitary-ovarian-adrenal system and the lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection system and the establishment of intersystemic relationships in women of the early reproductive period with polycystic ovary syndrome.Materials and methods. Study included 33 women with ovarian hyperandrogenism and 17 healthy women of early reproductive age. A questionnaire survey, general medical and gynecological examinations, and ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs were conducted. Immunoenzyme method for detection the concentration of hormones, spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric (determination of the concentration of  lipoperoxidation products, parameters of antioxidant protection), statistical methods were used.Results. Women of early reproductive age (from 18 to 35 years old) with polycystic ovary syndrome characterized by an increase of 17-OH-progesterone by 2.2 times (p = 0.0005), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate by 1.3 times (p = 0.0001). A decrease in the total antioxidant activity of the blood by 25 % (p = 0.0005), an increase in the content of oxidized glutathione by 14 % (p = 0.0001) and a decrease in the concentration of retinol by 26 % (p = 0.0012) compared to the control values were shown. The increase in the  degree of oxidative stress was indicated by the value of the coefficient of oxidative stress equal to 2.8.Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the features of the functional state of the pituitary-ovarian-adrenal system and the processes of LPO–AOP, as well as the need for timely diagnosis and effective correction of hormonal and metabolic disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the early reproductive period

Assessment of functional state of the pituitary-gonadal system in fertile women with acute hepatitis A

Liver is a necessary participant of the metabolism of steroid hormones, so dysfunction of pituitary-gonadal system is possible at viral hepatitis A. We assessed functional state of pituitary-gonadal part of neuroendocrinal regulation system in fertile women with acute hepatitis A and detected changes that can be regarded as compensatory-adaptive shielding of an organism

MODERN CONCEPTS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common gynecological disorders, which affects 5-20 % of young women all over the world in different ethnic groups and races, and is a frequent cause of infertility, a miscarriage, complicated pregnancy and childbirth. PCOS is a polysymptomatic disease characterized by hyperandrogenism, menstrual dysfunction and multifollicular structure of the ovaries with ultrasound examination. The main manifestations of PCOS lie in the basis of N1H and Rotterdam diagnostic criteria. There are several different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in accordance with these criteria. At the same time, PCOS is a metabolic disorder, and the role of insulin resistance has been proven in development of this condition. 1n consequence of which pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment are of interest not only for gynecologists, but also for endocrinologists, cardiologists, and others clinicians, as PCOS is a serious problem associated with obesity, increased risks of endometrial adenocarcinoma, hypertension and cardiovascular complications, type 2 diabetes and etc. Moreover, economic costs are billions of dollars ayear around the world for the treatment of complications of PCOS. To date, many researchers have been studying the formation of PCOS, and our article discusses the theories explaining pathogenesis and etiology of this disease, clinical manifestations and current approaches to diagnosis of PCOS

Modern concepts of viral hepatitis (review of literature)

We conducted an analysis of Russian and foreign literature and an analysis of our researches on the problem of etiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis was showed. Viral hepatitis occupies a leading position among infectious disease. Chronic forms of viral hepatitis B and C is the most prevalent. Among them more than 60 % are registered in age from 20 to 39 years. In spite of the fact that pathogenesis, clinical aspects and chronization of these forms are different, they have the general processes in a liver. The changes of these processes of the general systems of an organism (such as the neuroendocrine regulation, lipid status and lipid peroxidation - antioxidant system) have the particular importance. Studying these variables under abnormalities of reproductive health in women with hepatitis is particularly topical

Trichology features of alopecia in reproductive age women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting 5-10 % of reproductive-aged women. The dermatologic manifestations of PCOS play a significant role in diagnosis. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of androgenic alopecia among patients with PCOS and to define their most significant trkhological features. Because the data on dermatologic changes associated with PCOS are rather scarce, the present study was designed to determine the incidence and prevalence of androgenic alopecia. Materials and methods. We conducted a prospective observational study of patients with PCOS. The diagnosis of PCOS was made according to the consensus criteria adopted in May2003 in Rotterdam. Each patient signed informed consent, and then a general physical examination, systemic examination, breast and pelvic examination, as well as a detailed trichological examination were carried out. Results. Twenty women with PCOS participated in the study. The median age was28.7± 6.2years. Oligo/anovulation frequency was 63.2 %, hirsutism frequency - 68.4 %. In our study, the prevalence of androgenic alopecia was found to be 30 %, telogenic hair loss - 55 %, absence of alopecia signs in І5 % of cases. Conclusions. Androgenic alopecia is a prevalent but unreliable marker of biochemical hyperandrogenism. It is therefore imperative for the treating physicians to understand the adverse effects associated with PCOS, recognize these potential health risks in patients, and treat them accordingly

Pulmonary homograft dysfunction after Ross procedure in adults: a single center experience

The Ross procedure was first proposed by Donald Ross in 1967. Numerous studies show excellent long-term outcomes of the Ross operation. One of its disadvantages is the intervention on two valves due to pulmonary homograft dysfunction.Aim.  To study long-term outcomes of pulmonary homograft use after Ross operation (cumulative incidence of pulmonary homograft dysfunction, freedom from reoperation on pulmonary homograft, long-term survival, predictors of pulmonary homograft dysfunction) using data from one Russian center.Material  and  methods. A retrospective study included patients aged 18 years and older with aortic valve disease who underwent Ross procedure from April 2009 to December 2020 by a single surgeon. The age of the patients was 35 (26-44) years (men, 159 (75%)). Infective endocarditis as a cause of aortic valve pathology was diagnosed in 55 (26%) patients. Bicuspid aortic valve was diagnosed in 131 (62%) patients. The median follow-up period was 79 (26,5102,7) months.Results. Combined interventions were performed in 40 cases (18,9%). The modified Ross procedure was used in 54 (25,5%) cases (intra-aortic — 29, using Dacron tube graft — 25). Inhospital mortality was 0,5%. The 5- and 10-year allcause survival rates were 98,5% and 95,4%, while the 10-year cumulative pulmonary valve reoperation rate and pulmonary homograft dysfunction was 4,6% and 35,2%, respectively. The only factor affecting pulmonary homograft dysfunction was patient age ≤30 years (odds ratio =0,2 with 95% confidence interval: 0,06-0,7; p=0,02).Conclusion. Fresh pulmonary homografts have a low incidence of dysfunction and reintervention after Ross procedure. Young age is the only independent risk factor for pulmonary homograft dysfunction

Modified Ross operation (literature review)

One of the surgical methods for treating aortic valve pathology is the Ross operation, which was proposed by the British cardiac surgeon D. Ross in 1967. Numerous studies have shown excellent long-term outcomes of this operation. However, in some patients, pulmonary autograft dilatation may occur in the long term. To avoid this complication, technical modifications of this procedure have been proposed. A literature review on modified Ross operation as a prevention of pulmonary autograft dilatation is presented